EBay Inc. and Amazon.com Essay

EBay, Inc. and Amazon.com Introduction Problem definition and historical context            In broad spectrum, the case of eBay and Amazon explores the strategic interaction between the two organizations as they embrace different business models. This case considers how competitors in the market can successfully challenge the rival in highly competitive market where business is defined by strong network effects and fluctuating costs. The audiences in this case are given a chance to assess the merits and the demerits of the business platform utilized by eBay in contrast to Amazon’s online based retail model (Harvard business school, 2012). In addition, the case allows those interested to evaluate business performance in the event of looping value because of the indirect interactions in the two industries. The case offers a vivid exploration and analysis of how Amazon expanded its business in the competitive environment as well as discussing how eBay responded and the strategies they can adopt to lower the difference in earnings between the two. All this is done through an in-depth analysis of acquisition of GSI commerce by eBay in 2011. Briefly, business competition is the main issue in this case. Case research            Business competition between the two corporations rapidly grew in 2011, ten years after a story by â€Å"Businessweek’ labeled eBay vs. Amazon was released. The publication by Businessweek clearly depicted that between the two, the company that would win the biggest market share would probably dominate the future of internet-based business. By the time of this publication, Amazon was leading in all aspects of online transactions. Inherently, the history of the two corporations is based on Royal battle. The rivalry between the two companies is very high. Actually, Amazon and eBay are the biggest firms in online business. They are competitors of each other. Despite being in the same business, the two corporations have been operating by taking different business approaches. In terms of financial growth, Amazon had established itself as the market leader. Its financial aspects had grown by 37% as compared to eBay’s 6% (Harvard business school, 2012). Mor eover, eBay specializes in focusing on being a facilitator in internet business while Amazon focuses on becoming a one-stop platform. It is in the is respect that the case establishes that Amazon in the long-run will outrun eBay in the online stage. The two companies expand their markets by merging with other related companies. Industry/Goal/Product            EBay Company offers a market place where both retailers and buyers interact. The company aims at enabling both buyers and sellers to agree at a neutral price that can be referred to as action price. Similar to Amazon, e bay offers its clients with variety of products where they can choose on what to buy or sell. Both companies deal with used good but strictly dealing with e commerce as mode of payment. Generic Strategies Grid (2 char. per axis) 291909541338500 The generic strategies are mostly applied in analyzing competitive advantage of the business environment of both companies. Cost leadership Differentiation 147637518796000 Cost focus Differentiation focus This chart articulates ways how e Bay company can gain competitive advantage over the other viable competitors. Five Forces Model            In business context, Five Forces Model is paramount as they help then businesses analyze their competitive advantage. It is paramount to understand both internal and external business environment so in order to develop viable strategies to remain in the competitive edge. In reference to the case study, the Five Forces Model will greatly help to analyze the intense competition between Amazon.com and e Bay. More importantly, Five Forces Model is a viable tool to help both companies to plan in ways such as coming up with new products needed by the customers. Supplier Power is the first element that deals with suppliers and prices of the commodities (Harvard business school, 2012). With the intense competition as witnessed in the case study, each company is striving with best ways how they can demand the prices of commodities to lower. Indeed, E bay has collaborated with many suppliers by offering clients with variety of products ranging from different prices.            Buyer Power is the second element in the Five Forces Model. Ultimately, this element is concerned on how best the buyers can bring down prices of commodities. Quite different from Amazon, E bay has offered their customers with a direct linkage with their suppliers with an urge to bring down cost of goods. Competitive Rivalry is another model vital to understand all potential competitors around the business. As noted in the case study, potential competitors in this industry include newspapers cites, music or video shops and personal homepages among others. Threat of Substitution is less as both companies have a strong CRM hence making it difficult for other companies to displace them in the market. Lastly, the companies face intense competion from Threat of New Entry companies such as yahoo among others. Strategic analysis Value chain analysis            Value chain analysis entails analysis of the manner in which companies ensure value creation to their customers with the use of their resources and strategies. In relation to eBay, the company ensures value creation to their customers through price cutting, enhancing its customer search capabilities and ensuring its new business model. The company’s inbound logistics are well-built. EBay is tight-lipped in regard to their approach to payment processing, communications, website operations and more importantly customer support. With respect to its operations, the company does not restrict the maintenance of a marketplace and this resulted to it entering new markets outside U.S.A in 2011 (Harvard business school, 2012). Evidently, eBay unlike Amazon is depicted a powerful in relation to its operations. With the introduction of its core business segments, that is communications, payments and marketplaces, eBay aimed to maintain the trust and opportunity by devel oping new business communities globally with the help of e- business. In this case, the company compared to Amazon generated much revenue and increased its popularity around the world. Project risk model            Project risk management aims to measure the company’s capabilities and risks and the most effective measures it adopts to prevent various risks as it conducts business. With respect to project risk model, eBay is depicted as one with clear project risk management process. On the other hand, Amazon also has a well established project risk model to address company’s capabilities and risks. Model justification            The business model assumed by eBay that is auctions marketplace is depicted by the article and paramount in ensuring the success of the company especially in the competitive business environment. The model provides effective and efficient means of payments, communication and means of entering new markets. Based on the article, the business model assumed by the company connects buyers and sellers in such a way that it ensures value creation. The model is also portrayed as effective as it improved the revenue of the company in the year in 1999 (Harvard business school, 2012). Alternatives flow from strategic models            To ensure its competitive, eBay according to the article used groundbreaking business platforms and models to attract more customers globally. However, the article depicts that the company should also focus on expanding and transforming its business and project risk models in areas such as marketing and services to its customers. In this case, the company should be in a position to compete with competitors such as Amazon. Technology and costs            Technological changes are occurring drastically hence citing the need why the companies should be at par with these innovations. The technology used by both companies is effective to enhance the search catalog and ability to retrieve information at ease hence cutting operational cost. Use of AWS has huge benefits, as it is not only reliable but also secure. Another advantage of this technology in relation to cost is that it is simple in scalability. Use of superior technology such as AWS, S3, catalogue and EC2 enhances the company to reduce fixed prices of commodities (Harvard business school, 2012). Recommendation            Competition between the two corporations is high and specifically eBay should adopt several strategies to minimize the available gap. For instance, eBay should embrace better advertisement strategies and search for better advertisement partners. This will help attract some of the Amazons customers to their side. Secondly, to ensure that they stand a chance to reduce the business gap, eBay should focus on its strengths. Getting into the digital media sales should be another area to strategize on. In terms of internet technology, eBay should ensure better internet search as well ensuring improved tagging approaches. Lastly, it is of importance for eBay to reduce the PayPal fees to entice and attract more clients. On the other hand, Amazon should materialize on making their products better besides competing with their close competitor on price. Reference Harvard business school.(2012). Bay, Inc. and Amazon.com (A) and (B). Source document

Han Dynasty Vs. Roman Empire

The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire are two very complex civilizations that thrived around the same time. Each had similarities in political structures such as they were both ruled by emperors, but they did still have differences. They also shared similarities in economic structures such as how they were both apart of the Silk Road. Lastly they shared some similarities in social structures such as how women were treated.A similarity in the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty was that they were both ruled by emperors. Han was ruled by Gaozo and Rome was ruled by Octavian. Along with each being ruled by emperors their emperor’s shared a similar tactic in getting people to follow them. This tactic was to use some type of religious connection. Octavian used the fact that previous emperor’s were thought of as god’s to boost loyalty, and gaozo used religious pageantry to boost his power.There were still differences in these civilizations political structures though. Rome was not only ruled by an emperor, but a senate also. Han however was only ruled by an emperor. This is a minor difference, but all laws were made by the Han emperor while most in Rome were made by the Roman Senate.Next there was a similar trait in their economic structures. This was the fact that both Han China and the Roman Empire were connected by the Silk Road and were big into trading. Rome loved silk which China manufactured and china loved other goods from Rome. This was not only a similarity, but a huge connection between two great civilizations.The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire had a difference in their economic structures. This was how Han thrived on agriculture for their economy more than trade. This was different for Rome. The early Roman culture thrived on agriculture, but then the later Empire thrived more on trade.Women socially in both the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire were treated like a child in the eyes of the law. This was a huge similarity between these cultures. Women of both civilizations could not own property or vote. They also had to do as men told them, and keep the home, raise the children especially boys. If a women didn’t have a boy or couldn’t have children she was blamed and generally killed.Lastly a difference in their social structures was that the Han Dynasty didn’t have a patron/client relationship bounding together individuals of different class like Rome. This may not be a huge difference, but Han had nothing to bound together different classes. Rome used the patron/client relationship to turn men into equals, because inequality of men in Rome was turned into a system of mutual benefits and obligations.Each of these cultures Han and Rome had their political, economic, and social similarities. They were both ruled by emperor’s, they shared the Silk Road and Women were treated like children. Each of the civilizations also had their differences. These things made these civilizations grow and learn and someti mes fail, but they have set some of the basic rules for some civilizations today.

Bibliography and Description of Theoretical Framework and Methods Essay

Bibliography and Description of Theoretical Framework and Methods - Essay Example In addition, the interviews were conducted on the third stage amongst transnational migrant workers in the creative knowledge sector. These were aimed at collecting information about their reasons behind their settlement at certain areas and the factors that aided their decision making process. The results derived from the empirical surveys were then synthesized in order to identify the attracting and retaining qualities of the BMR. The study has used a SWOT analysis to the data obtained concerning the BMR (135). The study identifies job, career and education opportunities as the main motivational factors for the settlement of transnational migrant workers (136). On the other hand, hard and soft factors influence the leaders and managers decisions to locate businesses in the BMR. In this study, the researcher analyses the urban planning and territorial systems, which have realized changes as a result of the urbanization process (15). This is evident from the increased commercial exchanges and the integration of work as well as financial markets. Moreover, an improvement in communication and a readjustment in the urban hierarchy are predominant. The researcher employs a bibliographical review to assess urbanization and reconfiguration in Spanish and Portuguese cities. This mainly involves reviewing published works of certain authors and other joint works. A cautious approach is taken to ensure only studies of metropolises that have been analyzed in a European, Iberian or nationally are used (17). From these studies, the urban changes that have transpired over the past decades are highlighted. In addition, the study examines the effects of compartmentalization of land use, fragmentation and the role of transport networks in urban areas (18). A field study is e mployed, which enables the researcher to gather information concerning urban and territorial planning. The information

To what extent do leaders shape their movements, and to what extent Essay

To what extent do leaders shape their movements, and to what extent are they shaped by them Illustrate your answer with reference to leaders from more than one - Essay Example This particular essay will be conducted in a manner such that briefly some theories of the leadership and the behaviors of the leaders are discussed. The conclusions related to the theories will be supported by one of the leader who is selected for the discussion here. The leader is selected on the basis of the major revolutionary changes that have been made because of his and his movements’ contributions. Kirk (2005) argues that according to the 1trait theory which is designed in the context of the leadership, the leaders have the personalities as well as the behavioral tendencies that make the leaders the way they are. The theory says that there will be certain traits and characteristics in the person that will make him behave in the leading manner. In addition to this the contingency theory suggests that in addition to the behavioral tendencies that the person has, the leadership qualities of the person are shaped more by the surrounding situation that the person belongs to. Many of the historical authors have written the leadership qualities what seemed appropriate to them. In the case of Sanskrit, there are ten main qualities in the leader that have been defined. According to the aristocratic thinkers, the leadership quality of the person comes from the familial traits or the genes of the person. If the leadership runs in the family than the person would be possessing the leadership qualities. But this in my point of view still depends on the situation that the person is in. Sunnemark (2004) discusses that in these historical times, we have seen many leaders who may be related to the political movements which have worked for the changes in the social society as well. 2Therefore the leaders are always important to the social movements that ever occurred in the history. The scholars have tried hard to learn as to what

The devil's highway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The devil's highway - Essay Example The problem between the Mexican and US borders needs to be viewed from the humanitarian angle. But unfortunately it is (mis)managed and treated as if it is a war-zone. The book by Luis Alberto Urrea, â€Å"The Devil’s Highway: A True Story,† highlights a grave incident. More must have happened in the past. This highway is managed by insensitive personnel, with devilish tendencies. In May 2001, twenty-six Mexican men smuggled themselves through the border and reached an area of the deadly Arizona desert known as the Devil’s Highway. The dangers ahead were well-known to them. Yet for the sake of a bright career, they mortgaged their lives. Through the arduous journey, 14 died and 12 reached their destination. The author describes the disposal of the dead bodies thus: â€Å"The dead bodies, dense and dark, were zipped into bags and delivered to the loading docks.† (Urrea, p.191)The hurdles before them were obvious-- La Migra-the US Border patrol, the Mexican Federals, gung-ho gringo vigilantes, who invariably took law into their own hands, the burning 110 degree sun that spared none, the rattlesnakes, and what not! The coy otes were the group’s smugglers, who specialized in such adventurous clandestine immigration activity. While narrating the grim tragedy that struck this group of 26, the author analyzes the economic factors and the harsh immigration policy, which creates the artificial barrier between the peoples. The conditions at both the borders are no helpful; they are exploitative. The saga of the twenty-six men contains the important message for the right-thinking people of both the countries, Mexico and USA. The pages of human history are daubed in bloodshed in the name religion, race, color and territorial aggrandizement and they raise several crying questions for humanity. Industrialization, internet revolution, material civilization and globalization have added one more acute problem to the existing woes of the humanity—that of

Developing a Health Advocacy Campaign , Prostate Cancer Research Paper

Developing a Health Advocacy Campaign , Prostate Cancer Funding - Senator Boxer introduced the Prostate and Mens Education Act, - Research Paper Example The cause of prostate cancer is not clearly understood, but researchers argue that issues like race, family and age are beyond ones’ control. But some risk factors like avoiding fatty foods can be avoided as one is advised to eat more fruits, unsaturated foods, whole grains and intake of less red meat. Some medication from well equipped health centers helps reduce the spread of the cancer in the body. Drugs like; finastede have shown to reduce the prostrate cancer risk (John, 2008). California population is the most affected with cancer cases with 1,277,200 people affected with different types of cancer. The state projects that in 2012, more than 144,800 new cases will occur. The patients with prostate cancer include 20,195 new cases that makes up to 28% and 3,085 deaths occurs. The survivors of prostate cancer are 240,200 that accounts for 42%. Although from 1988 to 2009, 11% reduction has been reported as mortality reduces by 23% (CCR, 2012). The advocacy that have been effective include the â€Å"Us too advocacy† that uses the prostate cancer survivors and victims to spread the awareness creation. They give speeches in forums, hold door to door awareness creations and attended screening centers to help explain to the attendees the screening environment. The attributes that makes this advocacy campaign is that it involves survivors, volunteers and experts to spread the required awareness messages. The volunteers take their time to deliver the message of the benefits of early screening, explaining the screening environment to the people so that they attend the screening exercise and encouraging people the people to attend the screening centers. The other attribute makes this advocacy to be effective is the involvement of medical experts on comprehensive research and provision of a variety of advanced treatment (CCR, 2012). The other advocacy campaign that is effective is the â€Å"Zero prostate cancer†

Estimating and purchasing cost control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Estimating and purchasing cost control - Essay Example In this approach, the design package is reviewed and fully comprehended followed by the performance of a quantity survey of the scope of the project in question. In case little or no design and plan information is available, the Order-of-Magnitude Estimates approach is highly recommended. However, it is imperative that the contractor ensures he/she has all the requisite information to ensure accurate estimation of the cost of a construction project. This paper explores the type of information useful in the estimation of the cost of redeveloping a storey building near a river and the implications of the absence of competition in the cost estimation and the bidding processes for the contract. Information for Construction Project Cost Estimation There are several factors on which the successful completion, accessibility and utilization of a construction project hinges. These factors include the level or quality of engineering work that goes into a project and the survival of the contrac ting business that accompanies a project. Also, the market competition and the ability of a company and its contract management are equally important to the success of construction projects (Garold & Trost, 2001). More affected by the above factors are construction projects and redevelopment projects along water bodies such as rivers and lakes. It is thus of the essence that construction contractors and managers look into these various factors so that they strategically compete and win tenders by accurately estimating and mitigating project risks and costs. Importantly, such a strategic planning and estimation of project risks and costs would be quite integral to the quality of construction projects, more so with regard to project monitoring and control for the realization of project goals. In this strategic cost estimation and risk analysis, contract manager should consider the current national and international contract and construction laws, regulations, design documents, technic al standards and engineering safety requirements (Garold & Trost, 2001). The Case Study It is quite apparent that construction firms and contract managers involved in construction projects along, next or adjacent to rivers are exposed to a rather wide range of construction risks especially form their work environment. Besides the primary risk of flooding, other construction risks in construction projects near water bodies include site drainage, plant operations, bad ground condition, site accessibility and tidal impact. However, it should be acknowledged that even these construction projects will definitely have far reaching influences on these water bodies. Examples of the effects of construction projects on rivers that construction projects and managers should be conversant with are reduced water levels, change in local water body regime, navigational effects, environmental pollution and scour on siltation. From these risks and effects, it is quite clear that projects and contract managers should arm themselves with the right skills and competencies to help them identify, estimate and manage risks and the associated costs. One way of

Watsons Theory of Caring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Watsons Theory of Caring - Essay Example The fact is that when there is a sharp rise in the workload and expectations, nurses are prone to lose the caring practice they are supposed to preserve. Here, the knowledge in Jean Watson’s Caring Theory can be a useful asset to any practicing nurse. This work intends to look into the tenets of Jean Watson Caring Theory, and, at the same, I reflect on my own practice as a Registered Nurse at a long term acute facility. Dr. Jean Watson is a distinguished nursing professor form Virginia. With a PhD in educational psychology, she has received many national and international awards. The very basic elements of Jean Watson’s Caring Theory are three in numbers. According to Watson (1988), they are the carative factors, the transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring moment. The Carative Factors According to the work named ‘the theory of human caring: retrospective and prospective’ published in Nursing Science Quarterly in the year 1997 by Watson (1997), car ative factors should be considered as the guidelines towards the very basis of nursing. According to the scholar, the traditional medicine considers curative factors as the main function of nursing, and hence, she developed the term ‘carative’ factors to point out that the core of nursing is not in cure; but in care. As the scholar points out in the work, there are ten important aspects of carative factors. The very first element is humanistic and selfless system of value. It is followed by, and linked to, other aspects like faith, sensitivity to the feelings of others, showing a helping nature, showing positive feelings, showing problem-solving mentality, the tendency to teach and learn, creating an atmosphere of mental, physical, and spiritual well-being, and finally, ensuring proper assistance to human needs. The term altruism, in nursing, can be termed as taking such decisions that are in the best interest of the patient. Admittedly, with more and more modern techno logies at hand, nurses are made to take such ethical decisions that are a matter of life and death. Here, it becomes necessary for a nurse to take such decisions that respect the patient. Here, I am forced to look back into my own practice as a nurse and the instances where I got stuck in ethical dilemmas. Two years ago, I had a patient who was, in fact, a Jehovah’s Witness. It was rather necessary for him to receive blood products from others to sustain his life, but his religious beliefs did not allow him to do so. Being the person responsible to do the same, I was in a dilemma; either I could force the patient to accept the treatment, or accept his suggestion. Here, I had to report the same back to the Ethics Committee of the setting to reach a decision. There I understood the fact that in order to be altruistic, one needs to respect the cultural and personal beliefs of the patient. However, a thorough scrutiny proves that there are more important things at play here. To i llustrate, the family of a patient who is on life-sustaining treatments for no apparent benefit may be too confused and reluctant to take the decision to remove the same. In one such instance, I managed to convince the family of the patient that the ethics committee of the setting would help them to reach a decision that would be in the best interest of the patient. When the ethics committee came up with the decision to stop the life-sustaining treatment, the family was willing to cooperate as they were convinced that the decision was in their best interest. As one goes ahead, one can see that the term ‘carative’ was replaced by, or evolved into, another term ‘caritas’ as Watson modified her theory; and according to the scholar (as

Scholarly Person in the US Government past or present Term Paper

Scholarly Person in the US Government past or present - Term Paper Example As a Missionary Alexander Crummell was an ordained missionary in Liberia (1853 – 1872) belonging to the Episcopal Church. His eventful life as a missionary spanned over twenty years there, once again he faced discrimination because of his race and background. His primary aim as a Christian minister was to ‘civilize’ the African race by encouraging them to embrace Christianity and replace their native customs, beliefs and religious practices they followed. Keeping this in mind Alexander Crummell founded the church and a school in Washington DC in a bid to bring about a revolutionary change among the African people. As a Religious Leader Alexander Crummell’s tryst with Africa had many dimensions to it. He believed that every race on the Earth had a purpose and so did the African race too. Crummell had unshakable belief of the divine purpose of the African race. His key concern was man’s march to perfection through civilization. ... His aim was to initiate the African people towards civilization by removing the scales of ignorance from their eyes and bringing them into the light of religious enlightenment. However, Crummell’s hopes and dreams for the Negro race were never reconciled or satisfied with his philosophy of ‘civilizationism’. As a Black Nationalist He is considered to be one of the most authoritative figures as far as Black Nationalism is concerned. Being a religious minister of the Episcopal Church he very strongly detested and protested against the ignorant subjugation of the Negro’s against their white counterparts and struggled hard to bring about a Black nationalistic change in the belief and attitudes of the Africans. Crummell’s common lament was â€Å"What the Negro needs is Civilization.† By civilization he did not mean the literal term of the word but a clear mind which is free from false heathen thoughts and beliefs. Civilization to him also meant per sonal responsibility, family development and social obligation to society. Crummell’s religious and puritanical ideologies of the human race and in particular for the Africans, served to pave the path for reshaping and reinventing of European racial theories creating a huge impact on great thinkers of his day. Though Crummellian philosophy is looked upon by many scholars as an antecedent, yet it is highly criticized from many angles. The chief reason being that Crummell lived in a very different time period when compared to the scholars of today. His Political Ideologies Even though Crummell claimed that he was not interested in politics and had no political ambitions whatsoever, yet, it is evident that he hoped to influence society by making use of his intellectualism

Computer Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Computer Systems - Essay Example working on conventional models like grid, support autonomic features and used on the basis of billing utilities, but the idea of a cloud is comparatively different and opposite to the features of grid, for example SaaS, Utility Computing etc. Cloud promises the availability of all the required architecture including application, hardware, platform, software and required amount of storages through an ownership of a suitable internet connection. Enables people to access the required information through any device that has an internet connection-instead of being attached to the desktop. It is also cost effective as it doesn’t require installing hardware or software. Powerful idea behind cloud computing is computing by service-oriented architectures (SOA) – transferring of an incorporated and organized collection of functions to users by mean of both freely and firmly coupled purposes, or services – most of which are network based. Virtualized infrastructure enables the development and deployment of applications dramatically easier, thus increasing the reliable scope of these applications achievable within allocated budget and organizational controls.. Virtual infrastructure also expands reliability, efficiency and quality by including similarities within application requirements and aids the organized sharing of services. Now a day, almost every business activity requires Information Technology and its services in any form available. Technology wants to develop end-user efficiency and decrease Technology-driven overhead Service Oriented Architectures is not a new concept, but in the recent years it has gained a considerable attention. Examples of some such early that were based on SOA are Object Request Brokers (ORBs), DCOM and Remote Procedure Calls (RPC). Most recent model of SOA is known as Grid Computing solution and infrastructures. In a Service Oriented Architecture environment organizations or customer request an Information Technology

Is Love Worth Preserving Essay Example for Free

Is Love Worth Preserving Essay Is love Worth Preserving Love is a universal feeling or emotion and every human on earth throughout history has experienced in one form or the other. Many plays, drama or stories are surrounded by betrayal, hurt; pain, trials, triumphs, wars, passion, forgiveness, commitment and romance. However In the play â€Å"Sakuntala and The Ring of Recollection† this is a perfect example of what seems to be a more dramatic courtship tragedy. The story portrays romance between king Dusyanta and a sages daughter Sakuntala both strive to meet and reconcile the conflicting objectives of Indian life; the struggle to balance the need for power and hierarchy with undeniable feelings of passion. King Dusyanta while hunting in forest happens meet the most perfect and organic of all women his ever seen; Sakuntala a beautiful young lady living in a hermitage in the forest. King Dusyanta overwhelmed with Feelings and love, so strong that he desired sakuntala as a wife immediately ignoring his royal duties as king. The king courts her and marries her in a simple ceremony witnessed only by sakuntala’s friends. The king promised to return by offering a ring to signify his commitment. Then Dusyanta leaves for his capital to attend to his royal duties, with the understanding that he will soon return to and take Sakuntala with him for a proper ceremony. Unfortunately, Sakuntala, lost in thoughts of king Dusyanta fails to take notice of Sage Durvasa who comes visiting the hermitage. Angered by this, Durvasa puts a curse on sakuntala that the person she is thinking about will forget her completely. The only remedy to make Dusyanta remember Sakuntala and their marriage is to show him the ring that he had given to Sakuntala. Sakuntala now must go to Dusyanta and show him the ring so that he will again remember her. But unfortunately the ring she is carrying with her fall into a river on her way to Dusyanta and cannot be retrieved. Thus when Sakuntala faces Dusyanta he is unable to recall her. All her pleadings with Dusyanta and efforts to remind him are ineffective in bringing back memories of his commitment. Sakuntala has no alternative but to return. By series of chances the ring that fell in river was found by a fisherman and then presented to Dusyanta, through these he remembers all the past event forgotten. But it is too late by then. Dusyanta is not able to find Sakuntala, who has moved to some other place and has given birth in the meantime to a son, who is named Bharat. Many years later when Bharat is still a child, Dusyanta happens to firs see Bharat playing with a lion cob and then meets Sakuntala and reunited Sakuntala ring of recollection presents the audience with two characters who begin as reasonably autonomous beings but who gradually compromise aspects of their identities in order to complement one another. In doing so, the author suggests that every individual is incomplete without a partner, and he depicts the ideal male and female characters during Indias classical age. Works Cited David, Damrosch, and David L. Pike. The longman Anthopology of world literature, volume A; Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection. The Ancient world, second edition.

Comparing the Electoral and Party Systems of China and Russia Essay Example for Free

Comparing the Electoral and Party Systems of China and Russia Essay The collapse of the international socialist network changed the world at the turn of the century. The failure of the many socialist regimes ended the confrontation between East and West and provided an opportunity to restructure the international order. The individual states of East Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, China and the former Soviet Union took differing paths and chose differing restructuring strategies, which themselves led to different courses of transformation. The former hard-line socialist regimes of Russia and China had to face the challenges brought by the new world order specifically on altering its political structures. This paper would compare the government and politics of China and Russia focusing on the electoral laws and their impacts on the party system. Moreover, this would try to recommend some possible measures to ensure the development of democracy for both countries and to address some of their problems. Russia is a vast country with an imperial and authoritarian past. By area, Russia is the largest country in the world, almost twice the size of the United States. The population includes numerous minorities, with 36 national groups containing more than 100,000 people, Russia’s rulers have in the past been autocratic empire builders, basing their imperial expansion on control of the serf society and a rural community. Russia’s experience in communism represented a culmination of a authoritarianism. The Union Soviet Socialist Republics encompassing 15 European and Asian Republics, formed the former Russian Empire. The politics of Russia take place in a framework of a federal presidential republic. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President by the parliaments approbation. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws. Although Russia has traditionally been ruled by absolute monarchs and dictators, it currently has a democratic system of government. Since gaining its independence with the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has faced serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet rule. With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Russias political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization. As the transition period extended into the mid-1990s, the power of the national government continued to wane as Russias regions gained political and economic concessions from Moscow. Although the struggle between executive and legislative branches was partially resolved by the new constitution, the two branches continued to represent fundamentally opposing visions of Russias future. One of the world’s oldest civilization consisting states and cultures dating back thousands of years ago is China. It is a cultural region, ancient civilization, and nation in East Asia. The deadlock of the last Chinese Civil War has resulted in two political entities using the name China: the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), administering mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau; and the Republic of China (ROC), administering Taiwan and its surrounding islands. It has the worlds longest continuously used written language system, and the source of some of the worlds great inventions including paper, compass, gunpowder, and printing. The Peoples Republic of China is working within the framework of a single-party socialist republic. The will of Chinese citizens is expressed through the legislative bodies of the Peoples Congress system. Peoples Congress members at the county level are elected by voters. These county level Peoples Congresses have the responsibility of oversight of local government, and elect members to the Provincial Peoples Congress. The provincial Peoples Congress in turn elects members to the National Peoples Congress that meets each year in March in Beijing. Current political concerns in China include lessening the growing gap between rich and poor, and fighting corruption within the government leadership. The support that the Communist Party of China has among the Chinese population in general is unclear because national elections are mostly CPC dominated, as there are no opposition political parties and independent candidates elected into office are too scattered and disorganized to challenge CPC rule. According to Hague and Harrop, â€Å"Party systems are the interaction between the significant political parties. In a democracy, parties respond to each other’s initiatives in a competitive interplay. The party system also reflects legal regulation applying to all parties. In China, a dominant party system is in place wherein one party is a constant component of the executive, governing either alone or in coalition. The dominant party system was more common in the twentieth century than it is today and China is one rare example. The dominant party of the PRC is the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The leadership of the CCP is enshrined in the PRC Constitution. State power within the PRC is exercised through the CCP, the Central Peoples Government and their provincial and local counterparts. Under the dual leadership system, each local bureau or office is under the theoretically co-equal authority of the local leader and the leader of the corresponding office, bureau or ministry at the next higher level. The ruling Communist Party committee at each level plays a large role in the selection of appropriate candidates for election to the local congress and to the next higher level. China is a country that accepts involvement from multiple political parties. Apart from the CPC, the ruling party, there are eight political parties. They are China Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, China Democratic League, China Democratic National Construction Association, China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, China Zhi Gong Dang, Jiusan Society, and the Taiwan Democratic Self-government League. Most of them were founded during the anti-Japanese war and the national liberation war. They support the political leadership of the CPC, which has become their historical choice during the long years of cooperation with the CPC and through common struggles. Although there are other political parties present in China, these parties are not opposition parties, but parties participating in the discussion and administration of State affairs. Moreover, these parties serve to endorse CCP’s policies. Meanwhile, Russia is working on a multi-party system wherein the legislature comprises several minority parties, resulting in coalitions or minority government by the leading party. The multi-party system in Russia resulted to the rise of not just one political party unlike the case of China. Although, United Russia occupies the majority seats of the Duma, the seats obtained by the Russian Communist Party, as well as other parties, are significant in producing checks and balances to the Russian Assembly. Electoral systems were made to answer the question of how to convert votes into seats. In elections to the legislature, the main questions is whether an electoral system ensures that the seats obtained by a party are directly proportional to the votes received (Hague and Harrop 146). In China, the people do not directly elect delegates for the National People’s Congress (NPC). China practices democratic centralism wherein direct democracy is only practiced at the local levels and the elected delegates in the local people’s congresses in turn elect their representative at the NPC. Delegates for the local people’s congresses are elected using the first-past-the-post system (FPTP). FPTP is a type of non-proportional system wherein parties are not rewarded in proportion to the share of the votes obtained. Specifically, FPTP takes the plurality form of non-proportional representation where a candidate only needs a plurality of votes to win a seat and a majority of votes is not required. In Russia, seats in the Duma were formerly elected half by proportional representation (with at least 5% of the vote to qualify for seats) and half by single member districts. However, President Putin passed a decree that all seats are to be elected by proportional representation (with at least 7% of the vote to qualify for seats) to take effect in the December 2007 elections. Particularly, Russia is adapting the list system to confer delegates for the Duma. The list system is the most common method of proportional representation in which parties submit a list of their candidates and then the votes they obtain determines the percent of seats they get. In proportional representation, the goal is to represent parties rather than territories. For China, the adoption of the list system is recommended to develop a genuine opposition party. For many decades now, the rule of the CCP did not face any significant challenger in China. There have also been secessionist movements due to some ethnic and cultural cleavages such as the Tibetans who are lobbying from independence from China. The adoption of the list system would allow the voice of the minority to be heard in the NPC thus ensuring the democratic rights of the people. It will also make China less prone to violence, just like what happened in the Tiananmen Massacre were students on protest were open fired by Chinese military, since grievances can be acknowledge in government institutions such as the NPC. It is necessary to abolish democratic centralism since government processes are easily manipulated by local bureaucrats to advance their own selfish gains. Political reform in China is a matter of opening the ‘nominally open’ elections to other political parties. For Russia, the current electoral system is well on its way to democratize the Russian political system. However, the recent decree of Putin would make it difficult for smaller parties to obtain a seat in the Duma. Seven percent is such a high threshold and may cause the marginalization of the smaller parties and the domination of the more established ones. A lower threshold is hereby recommended and that Putin’s decree for the December 2007 elections should be repealed because it is a hindrance for the continuous democratization of Russia. These formerly hard-line socialist regimes have adopted measures to cope up with the new international order. However, not both were able to give way to democratization due to the electoral and party systems that they adapted.

Social and Ethical Responsibility: New Belgium Brewery

Social and Ethical Responsibility: New Belgium Brewery Introduction How do we judge if a company is good or bad? There are many ways that can be used to define greatness. The company might pay out high dividends to investors or the company may have a huge net income on its monthly yearly statements. Really there is an endless amount of ways to judge how good or bad a company is doing, but probably one of the most critical ways to decide if a company is first-class is how ethically and socially responsible the company is. One such company that not only meets these standards but exceeds them is New Belgium brewery. In the following case study we will answer the following questions, how would you describe operations management at new Belgium, why is it important to engage employees in ownership to enhance quality and efficiency, what does alternatively empowered mean to you, and do you think New Belgiums focus on environmental responsibility and sustainability in its production process is a major cost or benefit that enhances profits of the company. Aft er reading this case study you will be able to judge for yourself if New Belgium is a great company by meeting its social responsibility be lessening the companys ecological foot print. 1. How would you describe operations management at New Belgium Brewing? New Belgium Brewery has an open book management policy which means that its employees can see the companys financial statements, and can take part in making decisions for the company. New Belgium Brewery provides financial training to its employees, in order for them to understand how to make sense of the business side of business. The employees also have a say in the production of new types of beers that are being introduce to the public. Employee contribution affects the companys profitability, from the different brewed beers they choose to produce to their vote on company projects. In 1995, New Belgium Brewery designed themselves a state of the art custom-built facility. They ensure quality and productivity in their products, and also the efficient and environmentally friendly way the beer is produced at their plant. Quality assurance is critical in operations management, especially when it will be produced in large volumes. It is difficult to maintain a consistent product, but in the brewery employees constantly monitor every step, from receiving the hops, to brewing and finally bottling to ensure the highest possible quality of its product. At New Belgium Brewery their employees expertise, knowledge and their passion helps the companys profitability. By having cutting edge technology implemented in their plants thanks to the vision of the companys management and employees has helped the company to cut costs and also help the environment in the process. 2. Why is it important to engage employees in ownership to enhance quality and efficiency? Employee involvement is creating an environment in which people have an impact on decisions and actions that affect their jobs. Employee engagement is not the goal nor is it a tool, as practiced in many organizations including The New Belgium Brewery. At New Belgium Brewery employee engagement is the key ingredient in High Involvement Culture. They consider ideas from over 300 unique perspectives with their coworkers. This helps the Brewery to operate more intelligently while recognizing everyones unique gifts. Forty three percent of New Belgium is owned by the employees through an ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan). After one year of employment with the company, employees become employee-owners, which give them an interest in the success of the company. Source: Textbook pg 404 New Belgium opens all of the books to employees and provides financial training so people can understand the business of doing business. Trusting each other with this level of detail also helps them to feel appreciated, empowered, and ultimately more fulfilled. Employees have the opportunities to ask questions, provide feedback and share their ideas with one another. Engaged employees create loyal customers who in turn create Bigger Profits. Richard Branson at Virgin says: We embarked on consciously building Virgin into a brand which stood for quality, value, fun and a sense of challenge. We also developed these ideas in the belief that our first priority should be the people who work for the companies, then the customers, then the shareholders. Because if the staffs are motivated then the customers will be happy, and the shareholders will then benefit through the companys success. Sources: www.maganement-issues.com The New Belgium Brewery employees are considered area leaders, and everyone is responsible to ensure that each product is of the highest possible quality and ensuring that quality remains high. In other words, it is very important to New Belgium Brewery to engage employees in ownership to enhance quality and efficiency for the companys success and benefits for everyone who worked hard to improve and growth of the company. 3. a) What does Alternatively Empowered mean to you? What being alternatively empowered means to me is doing activities in a way that minimizes social and environmental impacts by protecting natural resources. For instance activities like reusing and recycling bottles and cans, reducing paper by using e-bills and turning off equipment not in use to save energy, and reduce water by reprocessing and filtering. These three examples reduce costs while allowing them to carry out tasks efficiently and productively. Respecting coworkers and employees is also important, this gives motivation to everyone involved in a business to feel responsible and get involved in their job. Utilizing and preserving natural, technical, human resources by minimizing the costs to ensure quality and progressive results while making any business decisions. Therefore, coming up with quality outcomes in an effective way is what alternatively empowered means to me. b) Comment on New Belgium Beliefs are related to being Environmental Stewards? Todays growing industrialization and development has resulted in pressures on the environment. Therefore its a businesss responsibility to conserve them, New Belgium Strives to care for the planet on which they sustain their business. New Belgiums method of reducing coal-fired electricity prevents air pollution. Burning coal is the leading cause of smoke, acid rain and global warming; most heart and breathing disorders results from coal power. New Belgium supports innovative technology by utilizing their facilities, they have also employed an innovative waste water reclamation plan, and this allows them to use waste water to create some of its own energy. New Belgium also supports involvement of their employees, each employee acts as an owner within their own departments, which contributes to their successful environmental project implementations. c) Utilized Green Design throughout our Building By starting so small, New Belgium was able to be more focused into the quality of the beer and any decisions that needed to be made almost in an instant. But with a lack of resources, their process at the time was not efficient in meeting their demands from consumers. By the time they were able to purchase a new location; they designed a state-of-the-art custom built facility and is considered more efficient than standard brewers. With the new available resource, they were able to increase production efficiently while maintaining the quality their customers expect. Taking advantage of the abundant sunshine in Fort Collins, the company maximizes the amount of light produced by the sun with sun-tubes, UV blocking windows, and light shelves. Using evaporative coolers to condition their 55,000 square foot packaging hall instead of compressors uses less energy which lowers the power consumptions, and in it return reduces costs. Pine beetles kill 98% of their lodge pole pines, so New Belgi um uses the fallen trees as materials for various jobs. Maximizing their productivity, the company can fully utilize their facilities and employ new and innovative technologies such as the waste water reclamation plan, which converts the waste water from the plant into energy that can be used in the factory. With other major brewers already established, the technology New Belgium acquired goes a long way in giving the company an edge over its competitors by lowering their power consumption, reducing their costs, carbon foot print, and being recognized within their community as a green company. d) Wind -Powered Electricity since 1999 Becoming the largest private consumer of wind-powered electricity in 1999, New Belgium made a ten year commitment to buy all of their electricity through the city-sponsored wind program in Colorado. Un-wanted judgment from the community reflexes bad on a company and destroys its reputation so New Belgium goes out of their way and employs wind power as a source of power. Instead of polluting the environment and continuing their commitment, also reducing unnecessary cost and improving efficiency. Sustaining this mandate as a leader in green efficient energy brewers, many other brewers may follow in their carbon free foot prints and continue to grow and expand as a newer, smarter, and greener industry. As a work in progress, there are many other technologies that can be implemented in the business as another step to be more green such as solar panels on the roof from the sun, or capture heat underground as geothermal and reducing their heat bill while staying nice and toasty during the winter times. With much improvements over the years as a green leader in the brewing business, leaving the pollutant past behind and leading the way with a greener future is beneficial for both the industries and consumers. 4. Do you think New Belgiums focus on the environmental responsibility and sustainability in its production process is a major cost or benefit that enhances the profits of the company? New Belgium Brewerys focus on environmental responsibility and sustainability during its production process is a major benefit that enhances the profits of the company. New Belgiums focus on the environment has helped the company grow their customer base as well as their brewery, by using such technologies as wind power, water recapture, turning waste water into energy, energy efficient brew kennels, spent grain going to a local cattle farm, 98% landfill diversion rate, constructing the factory from reclaimed timber, and recapturing steam are among some of the methods New Belgium uses to be environmentally friendly. These choices that New Belgium brewery has made have helped to grow the brewerys clientele. This has been done with much success because of all the attention that is being given to the health of our planet. By being the first brewery to adopt such methods in the United States, New Belgium was able to gain consumers from other more prominent breweries through environmental stewardship, and in turn the customers have given New Belgium their unwavering support. As it turns out going green does cost money, but it actually saves money in the long run, and has made New Belgium extremely profitable. This is obvious from New Belgiums humble beginnings in a basement to its new brewery state of the art brewery; this can also be seen because New Belgium is the third largest craft brewery and ninth largest brewery in the US. New Belgium Brewery has secured its place in the American brewing industry and will continue to gain a loyal following in the future thanks to cutting edge technology, it can produce the highest quality product while at the same time being sustainable. The outcome of this is very big profits Conclusion To wrap things up, New Belgium Brewery is ethically responsible to its employees and socially responsible through its environmental stand point that is instilled in the company from its infancy to maturity. New Belgium is a first-class company by these standards of being ethically and socially responsible as was shown through the management, employee ownership, environmental responsibility sustainability, and earning profits at the same time. Will New Belgium be able to meet and exceed its ethical and social responsibilitys? That remains to be seen, but if New Belgium Brewerys past and present have bearing on the future then the company probably will.

Accommodating Religion in the Workplace Essay -- Title VII, mitigating

The circumstances, images and fallout related to September 11, 2001 have caused many Americans to revisit their spiritual beliefs in attempt to process the horrific events of such an unimaginable day (Smith, 2003). In the years since the Fall of 2001, employees have developed an increasing desire to integrate their personal spirituality and religious beliefs with their professional lives (Cunningham, 2010). Managers are now faced with the difficult task of accommodating the varying spiritual beliefs of their workforce while tactfully mitigating religion-based issues in accordance with Title VII. Food Consumption When Maya failed to consume the majority of her dish after announcing her hunger at a recent business luncheon with colleagues, many were confused about her behavior after she went on to order desert. Maya’s choice not to eat the chicken and mashed potatoes accompanying her lunch could have been the result of a number of factors including: Maya’s choice to live a vegan lifestyle, specific food avoidances which include chicken and potatoes, serious allergies to ingredients used in the preparation of both items or religious beliefs related to the consumption or preparation of the food. Because Maya’s behavior was not connected to her personal work performance or her coworkers’ perception of her performance, management could choose to disregard the concerns of the other employees unless Maya elicits a conversation regarding her decision not to eat the food items. If Maya does feel that she owes her coworkers an explanation, a brief meeting with each would en able her to relay the circumstances behind her behavior. If her decision not to eat the food items was religion-based, Maya will likely need to be prepared to face qu... ...t deal to religious observers who wish to be free from discrimination"(Ruan, 2008, p. 3). Management’s ability to interject during times of disagreement and misunderstanding may help diminish the chances of belief-based discrimination within an organization. At minimum, organizations should strive to comply with Title VII in an effort to reduce the opportunity for future litigation related to the religious views in the workforce. Works Cited Cunningham, G. (2010). The influence of religious personal identity on the relationships among religious dissimilarity, value dissimilarity, and job satisfaction. Social Justice Research, 23(1), 60-76. Ruan, N. (2008). Accommodating respectful religious expression in the workplace. Marquette Law Review, 92(1), 1-32. Smith, J. (2003). Marketing that's good for the soul. Marketing Management, 12(1), 52.

An Analysis of Frank Kafkas The Metamorphosis :: Kafka Metamorphosis Essays

An Analysis of Frank Kafka's The Metamorphosis In the metamorphosis by Frank Kafka, there are significant actions and transformations which make the story sad, and strange with a happy ending. Explanations that are dramatic events that intensify the excitement of all these actions. Reality and refection play and important role in this story because the events that happened could be applied and assimilated with modern society. the story is very sad and realistic, some of the things tha are related in Kafka's story can be found in modern families today. Gregor was a man who sacrifies himself working to pay his father's debts, instead off on his own where he could prospered. Gregor never was recognized by his family of all the efforts that he did, he was taken for granted and he was expected to support the family but never considering what his needs and wants might be. When Gregor became a bug, that was the moment when they started to see how important Gregor was financially. As a result his mother, father and sister had to work together, in order support themselves. This could be applied in the real world when people do not really recognize anyone's values or good actions. Sometimes when it is too late is that people start to appreciate, but in Kafka's story Gregor never was aprreciate by anyone. In his transformations, Gregor was rejected by his family like a sick or invalid relative instead of working that much harder to make him well or accepted. They began to ignore him and hide him out of shame. this is exactly what happens in reality when sick people becomes really ill. At the beggining some people starts to feel sorry and they take care of these ill people. Later on, these people become a burden on them. this make the whole Gregor family be against him. Gregor's mother and sister used to clean the room at the beggining. but no at the end. They felt that cleaning out Gregor's room would make him feel happy, or might help him. But they really hurt him. It is painful for someone you loved if you took everything from them. It would make them feel isolated , unwanted and unloved. Gregor had a crappy, thankless job, and even though it was difficult, he was despised and scrutinized by his coworkers, making the job that much more unpleasnat. gregor was such a isolated and poor person that he cut the picture of the lady with the fur or a magazine to hang on the wall, to remind him of better things.

Mathematics Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Mathematics In an attempt to express certain basic concepts of mathematics precisely, one should consider a handful of different accepted and developed conceptions. Pythagoras, in the Fifth Century B.C., believed that the ultimate elements of reality were numbers; therefore the explanation for the existence of any object could only be explained in number. Gottlob Frege stated, in an idea referred to as logicism, that mathematics could in some sense be reduced to logic. The views of Plato state that we "know" these rules of mathematics at the intuitive level rather than the conscious level. Plato also believed that these forms existed previously in their perfect forms; humans know them in their imperfect forms through concept and imagination. Humans did not invent mathematics, but rediscovered these transcendent but real forms. Almost a century ago, Bertrand Russell wrote in The Problems of Philosophy that "philosophy should not be studied 'for the sake of definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true.'" For the problems mentioned here, however, it seems possible to give and justify answers. Certainly the effort should be made. Perhaps, through Pythagorean ideas, logicism and Platonism, a firmer understanding can be known of the grasp that mathematics has on the world. Due to the secrecy of the society in which Pythagoras, it is difficult to distinguish between any original works of Pythagoras from those of his followers. However, it is not the author that is important, but rather the notions presented. According to the view of the Pythagoreans that "all is number," the first four numbers have a special significance in that their sum accounts for all possible... ...l proofs for someone who accepts the axioms from which they begin." Those axioms are continually being challenged, but if they are to be justified, it shall not be within the context of mathematical activities. Now we must turn to the philosophy of mathematics, "to the great debates between the formalists, the intuitionists, and the Platonists." These debates cannot be settled by mathematical proofs, however. The certainty of mathematics is merely conditional; it rests upon assumptions that cannot be proven within mathematics, but only within the philosophy of mathematics. Exactly the same problem applies with respect to the primary problems of philosophy. We can easily give practical arguments that seem very convincing, but when we analyze these arguments philosophically, we often find that the simple conventions of ordinary argument cannot be regarded as adequate.

Hr Policies of Nestle

HUMAN RESOURCE HR is dedicated to their employees, and ensures that they have all the right people with the right skills, in the right places at the right time. Understanding that their people are the bedrock of all their business strategies, it is their mandate to enhance their skills with cutting-edge training and provide them with world-standard facilities. WHAT THEY BELIEVE IN: They are a people company. Their people are their greatest strength, and nothing can be achieved without their commitment and energy. The Nestle DifferenceAt Nestle you'll find their self in a dynamic and invigorating environment, surrounded by people who are passionate about their work. You'll feel empathized to contribute to the company's business objectives and to achieve their own personal and professional goals. You and their colleagues shape and lead the organization – their energy is its greatest strength. Family ; Female-Friendly Organization: Diversity is central to the nature of their busi ness. As a global organization, Nestle caters to the needs of diverse consumers.This is only possible due to the diverse backgrounds and interests of their people and their firm commitment to embracing diversity at all levels. When they employ staff, they make a commitment to provide them with good working conditions. Female employees and their employees' families know that Nestle Pakistan has a friendly and caring attitude. They recently set up a day-care centre, and have established a comprehensive Maternity Benefits Scheme for their female employees. Total Competitive Remuneration:At Nestle you can be sure you'll get competitive and fair remuneration structures. Their remuneration is benchmarked against other organizations and surveyed on a regular basis to ensure that they remain competitive. Their pay and compensation strategy is tied to the achievement of their business objectives. This linkage helps us define a growth-oriented culture, making us the most preferred employer in the market. The benefits of working at Nestle go beyond the financial. Here, you'll find a structure to help you fulfill their ambitions and support their lives. Read also Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial PoliciesGrowth: New employees are given responsibility at an early stage, and high performers can develop fast. Their international and multicultural working climate is conducive to creativity, innovation and personal development. And you'll get competitive working conditions, a compensation package and social benefits in line with their company's high standards. Here, you'll get the room to add value and make a real difference. If you're qualified and ready to confront new horizons, you'll have the chance for a truly international career. SAFETY AT WORKNestle is committed to being a leader in workplace safety and health. The Nestle Occupational Health and Safety Management System (NSMS) was revised in line with the 2007 edition of the international standard OHSAS 18001 and reissued to all Nestle operations, reinforcing our commitment that â€Å"Safety is non-negotiable†. They are also working towards external certification of our factories against OHSAS 18001. This will provide a common language around our health and safety management systems, and make it easier to demonstrate implementation of these standards to our stakeholders.The number of workplace injuries has been reduced. For example, in 2007 the number of injuries leading to one or more days away from work in Nestle decreased to almost one quarter of that seen in 2001. RECRUITMENT WHAT THEY LOOK FOR: It takes a special sort of person to come and work at Nestle Pakistan. That's why, when selecting candidates, they look for a set of interrelated characteristics encompassing three key areas: knowledge, personality and motivation. Professional Knowledge: Do you have a great academic record that demonstrates their intelligence, commitment and hard work?Can you show us you have a sharp analytical mind, and the drive necessary to succeed in a competitive environment? If you think you fit the bill, you may be right for Nestle Pakistan. They look for good academic results at university or equivalent qualifications. However, the class of the degree you have obtained, though very important, is not the only criterion for selection. Other experiences during their studies, previous jobs, assignments, language theses and any other significant extracurricular activities and achievements, are also given the right.They look for candidates who can identify a problem, analyze it, look at different options, and come to reasoned conclusions. They want people with drive and tenacity, energy and enthusiasm, who can initiate a project and follow through to the end. All these skills are vital during a career at Nestle Pakistan. Internships: Internships are a great way to apply the knowledge and skills you are developing at university and get experience in a leading corporation.They offer project-based internship positions in various departments at Nestle Pakistan. You may be hired as an intern at various points during their academic career: duri ng undergraduate study or graduate school. Most internship assignments are offered during the summer months and generally run for 6 to 8 weeks. At the end of the internship you will be required to submit a project or program report to the company on the topic assigned to you at the beginning of the internship program.If you impress us with their talent & hard work, you may be considered for employment opportunities after you have completed their studies. Work/Life Balance: At Nestle they believe that the employee’s private and professional life should have a good balance. Not only because it reinforces employee’s satisfaction, loyalty and enhances Productivity but also because it positively reflects on the Company’s reputation. It helps attracting and retaining people and reconciles economical imperatives with they’ll being.Nestle is willing to support employees who wish to take an active part in the life of the community or by assuming responsibilities i n professional, civic, cultural, religious or voluntary organizations it being understood that any activity during working theirs be first approved by the Company. In the same spirit, Nestle provides flexible working Conditions whenever possible and provides its employees to have interests and motivations outside work. Relationship with Suppliers Nestle aims to deal only with reputable suppliers who are willing to apply Nestle quality standards.Supplier relationships are benchmarked and evaluated with the objective of striving for continued improvement in the areas of quality, service, etc. As a relationship between a supplier and Nestle strengthens and progresses, it may evolve into one of preferred supplier status. Key suppliers with which Nestle has a contractual relationship are audited in order to ensure that they comply with the  Nestle  Corporate Business Principles  or that they are working actively to achieve compliance. Whenever instances of non-compliance are brough t to the Company’s attention, Nestle will demand that corrective measures be initiated.Nestle personnel will maintain the highest standards of integrity and professional competence in all business relationships. Sanctions will be applied in the event of misconduct or abuse of established corporate standards and guidelines. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Learning: Learning is part of the Company culture. Each employee, at all levels, is conscious of the need to upgrade continuously her/his knowledge and skills. The willingness to learn is therefore a non-negotiable condition to be employed by Nestle. First and foremost, training is done on-the-job.Guiding and coaching is part of the responsibility of each manager and it is crucial to make each one progress in her/his position. When formal training programs are organized they should be purpose oriented and designed to improve relevant skills and competencies. Therefore they are proposed in the framework of individual development pro grams. As a consequence, Attending: A program should never be considered as a reward. Adequate training programs are developed at the level of each operating company capitalizing on the availability of local, regional or global resource of the Group.It is the responsibility of HR staff to assist the management in the elaboration of training programs. Great importance will be attached to programs enhancing the language skills of the employees. Training programs organized at the International Training Centre Rive-Reine aim at developing and sharing best practices of the various management disciplines practiced in the Group. They also strive to strengthen corporate cohesion as they’ll as to promote networking throughout the Group. Training programs should, as much as possible, be based on action learning and reduce ex-cathedra teaching to the strict minimum.It is necessary to make optimal use of e-learning programs as a complement to or a substitute for formal training programs. According to needs they should be made available at shop floor level and enlarge the access to training. It is the role of each manager to assess progress achieved as a result of training Programs. Assessing and Developing each employee is in charge of her/his own professional development. However, the Company endeavors to offer the opportunity to progress for those having the determination and the potential to develop their capabilities.

Coetzee’s Use of Humor in Disgrace (1999) Essay

subsequently version Coetzees f satisfactory (1999) and then the literary criticisms that followed its publication, the inevitable endpoint was that the m whatsoever diametric interpretations of the raw demonstrated it reached readers in super individual focusings. Indeed, it calculateed that legion(predicate) of the criticisms were of different books. The economic consumption of this paper was to focus on an survey of the novel that has received little attention, Coetzees liberal use of humor or satire in the context of urban center life in post-A straggleheid southern close Africa during the young 1990s from the viewpoint of the main character, David Lurie in the front piece of the novel.Lurie taught at p all toldium Technical University, previously Cape township University College. Because of low student enroll custodyt, the Depart workforcet of Classics and new(a) Languages had been closed and Lurie had been as hallowed to teach laundrytracks in Communicatio ns Skills and a single course a year of his own pickaxe in an area of his specialization, wild-eyed Poetry. When Lurie, 52-years-old at the prison terminal figure of the novel, had been younger, his impressive corporeal mien had allowed him to attract women of his choice with little labor.Attracting women had rifle more difficult as he aged, and became even more difficult when Apartheid stop and many of its victims, who obviously did non hero-worship sportsman the like manly scholars, became university students and then module. The views of these students pass around to white women, who already had lacked power, relative to white men, before Apartheid ended. Thus the feminist and courtly rights movements that were active in the 1960s in the United States and other democracies in horse opera Europe did non begin in southeast Africa until the 1990s, when Apartheid ended.David Luries StoryAt the beginning of Coetzees novel (1999), Lurie was well satisfied having ki ndle once a week with a beautiful Moslem cleaning lady, paying an escort service. Less alright was his adjacent escort, followed by a repository in his university department. Knowing the risk presented by new university policies, he until now seduced a young student taking his course, Melanie, when he accidentally encountered her while on his way home. Her feelings were put across only(prenominal) the table service time they had sex.He had g atomic number 53 to her apartment, she had said no (using her concern that her cousin/roommate would in short return as an excuse), he proceed and though she did non fight him, she seemed to escape dead, waiting for him to finish. In his own mind, he concluded that what he did was not rape, not quite that, hardly undesired nonetheless (p. 25).Later, aft(prenominal) she had filight-emitting diode a complaint, he met with the disciplinary deputation, composed of faculty (and one non-voting student), and promptly admitted his guilt . However, he refused to offer additional entropy that they exigencyed in order to suggest to the Rector of the University a course of achievement other than dismissal. The Rector, in an effort to head off asking for Luries resignation, asked him to sign a statement expressing contriteness, already written for him by a member of the delegation.After refusing to sign and creation dismissed, Lurie visited his daughter, Lucy, at her home in a rural area of South Africa, where the satire in the first section inevitably lessened (though did not disappear) because of the most harrowing central event of the second section, the brutal gang-rape of Luries daughter, Lucy, when the rapists overly clique Lurie on fire and locked him in the bathroom, fling the dogs at Lucys kennel, and then leave of absence in Luries car.Criticisms Related to Luries earshot in Coetzee (1999)One subscriber line against publishing the novel was made by prominent South Africans who were opposed to pres enting a damaging image of the country (Attridge, 2002, p. 315). This cause did not recognize the difference in the midst of publicizing historical events and valuing literature, and that the only prudent way to engage with Disgrace is as a literary work (p. 319). ground on this premise, only literary criticisms submit been discussed below. Few of these criticisms even recognized elements of the novel that were humorous or satiric.Many interpretations had in common a view of Lurie as a symbol of the white male aristocratic elite, a man who had essay to retain the Apartheid privileges of his race and gender, in particular, independence to initiate familiar relationships with young women who were their students (Boehmer, 2002 Cornwall, 2002 Graham, 2003 Saunders, 2005). small-arm the view of these critics did, in fact, reflect Luries view of himself, the critics also shared Luries own chokeure to recognize that the techniques he used to try seducing his women students were t horoughly inefficacious for reasons unrelated to any differences in the faculty member abilities of students before and after the end of Apartheid.For example, as Lurie did recognize, his sexual conquests of earlier years require him to use no techniques at all because women were drawn to his impressive physical appearance. As he aged, seduction required effort and he hadnt a roll as to what would and would not render him large-hearted to young women, disregardless of their color.His lack of ken of the impression he made on others went to the extreme of him not even being able to pay Soraya, a captain from the escort service to protract what he considered a genuine relationship, likely because she install it frightening that he seemed to be quest her. Although she could not pass water been aware of his fantasies some having sex while her two children watched, it would be get a lineable for her to live been concerned virtually the safety of her children because she n o grander was able to keep her certain identity private, a precaution any professional persecute should take.However, Sarvans conclusion (2004, p. 27) that the fantasies Lurie (or anyone) had to increase arousal while having sex indicated he had a moral sickness was funny luxuriant for Coetzee to have used in the novel itself. As Attridge (2000) noted, increased puritanical direction of once private details of sexual intimacy was not limited to South Africa, only instead reflected the world in general, notably . . . the United States (p. 103) and that in the first section of the book, Coetzees writing oft used satire (p. 103).Lurie recognized that he had never been much of a instructor (p. 4) and after reading a strain of how he taught what did interest him, Wordsworth (when seducing Melanie, he told her that the harmonies of The feeler have echoed within him for as long as he can remember, p. 13), one shudders to imagine him doing a worse problem in teaching Communicati ons (p. 4).Coetzee provided a very brief sample of part of a class on Romantic Poetry Lurie taught (p. 21), so brief that it was funny, quite a than mind-numbing as an entire lecture would have been. After reading a qualifying from The Prelude, he asked the students why Mont Blanc had been a letdown (p. 21). He then pedantically asked them what he already knew that, of course, none of them had looked up a dictionary definition of the unusual verb edition acquire upon (p. 21).Although without a dictionary, context would probably permit automatically inferring a substance such(prenominal) as intrude upon, Lurie implied the expiration would have been go past had they known that take over upon means to intrude or infringe upon. Usurp, to take over entirely, is the perfective of usurp upon, usurping completes the act of usurping upon (p. 21). When he was younger, it would seem clear that the young women in his classes found him sexually attractive because they were looking at him, quite a than listening.Regarding Luries sexual relationship with Melanie, Lurie did not seem to know whether she was attracted to him, sexually or otherwise. That she did not resist him when he had sex with her after she had said no could have been because she recognized she could be safe from physical harm or even that hed leave more promptly if she were passive. When she returned to stay at his home, her reason might have been because she feared her boyfriend or that Lurie decently understood that she did and had a right to bullshit him regarding her attendance and work in his class. there was no evidence that she feared his power to operate her grade in his course.After Melanie had filed a formal charge of sexual anguish (and Lurie really did not have a way of clear-sighted whether or not she was pressured to do so), several criticisms (Boehmer, 2002 Cornwall, 2002 Graham, 2003 Saunders, 2005) seemed to accept professor Farodia Rassools argument that they needed to judge whether a statement from Lurie comes from his heart and whether a statement expressing penitence reflected his naive feelings (p. 54). Luries term preposterous (p. 55) was literally exact in the sense that it is not practical to determine the sincerity of a written statement, only if it also was difficult to understand why Lurie, who had never before showed any concern about being deceitful, perfectly became a man with principles.He did seem to be mocking Rassool but it also appeared obvious that she was a humorless woman and regardless of race, she was supported, and without particular warmth, only by the two other women who had been present at a time when she spoke. It indeed was astound that Saunders (2005) could have made an obvious erroneousness of fact had she read the book, stating the faculty committee italics added indignantly objects to Luries acceptance of charges without remorse (p. 99).Saunders repeated her erroneous treatment of the commissioning as united in the next three pages, Luries response does not, from the committees perspective, meet the demands of ethical business (p. 100), the committee isnt convinced that Luries admission is a reflection of his sincere feelings (p. 101), and Luries performance does not take on the expectation, shared by the novels committee of inquiry that remorse and innovation were publicly acknowledged (p. 102). How was it possible to split up to recognize that the three men at the hearing, Aram Hakim, sleek and youthful (p. 40), Manas Mathabane, the soften of the Hearing (p. 47), and Desmond Swarts, Dean of Engineering (p. 47) had no such expectations, but instead made it clear they indispensablenessed Lurie to let them help him lift being asked to resign?Swarts, for example, said DavidWe would like to realize a way for you to continue with your career (p. 52) and Hakim immediately after said We would like to help you, David, find a way out of what essential be a nightmare (p. 52). Af ter Rassool urged that the Committee impose the severest penalty (p. 51), Mathabane responded, allow me remind you again, Dr. Rassoolit is not up to us to impose penalties (p. 51). Lurie recognized the men were his friendsThey trust him back in the classroom (p. 52). there was no response after he noted, In the chorus of goodwillI hear no female voices (p. 52), but, oddly, Lurie did not seem to remember that prior to the Hearing, the only other person mentioned as a member of the Committee was a faculty member who teaches in the Business nurture (p. 47). During the Hearing, she was presented as a young woman, but her question about his willingness to seek help of any kind (a priest, for instance, or a counsellor, p. 49) suggested she shared the confusion of the men about his refusal to simply save his job, regardless of his opinion, but had no desire any to persuade him to do so or to cause him harm.At the preliminary meeting, the chair of his department was present, a woman who , consort to Lurie, regarded him as a hangover from the past, the preferably cleared away the better (p. 40), but the reader had no way of knowing whether she cared about him at all or might in fact want to replace him not because of his discipline but because she would prefer hiring a person who could teach.Coetzee did get together the woman who wanted him to express contrition that came from his heart a name indicating she was washed-out (at least at the time of the novel, no-one suggested it was sturdy to divide people into two racial groups white and non-white, the reason for using the term colored).Combined with Lurie having had sex with a young student who also was not white, Coetzee clearly intended to introduce equivocalness regarding Rassools intended meaning of Luries failure to mention the long fib of exploitation of which this is part (p. 53). However, there was no justification for Cornwall (2002) using the races of Rassool and Melanie to reach the (inelegantly w orded) conclusion that their relationship can be seen to be informed not only by the power relations of patriarchy and the honorary society but also by those of race their encounter is contextualized within the several centuries of colonial history in which white men debauched black women with impunity (p. 315).While many of the conclusions in criticisms related to the experiences that led to and occurred during Luries Hearing were that there was a need for him to express contrition or remorse, the actual events in the novel, as described above, led to the conclusion that Lurie was more of an unintentional anti-hero than sinner. whatsoever his reasons were, as an anti-hero, he flaunted both cordial conventions regarding treating women with respect and politically correct jargon, such as women victims of the patriarchy. Should we thus admire him for the relationships he had with women? Of course not. Perhaps the most well-known sexual anti-hero was another Professor, self-confesse d pedophile Humbert Humbert (Nabokov, 1955), who demonstrated that indeed the vilest of behaviors can simultaneously be the most comic.While Luries offensive behaviors pale in compare to those of Professor Humbert, it would seem difficult to fail to recognize that both his typically ill at ease(p) efforts at seduction and his more lucky ability to bring out the silliest of exercises in political correctness resulted in annihilating humor at an extremely difficult period in South Africa.ReferencesAttridge, D. (2000). time of bronze, state of grace Music and dogs in J. M. Coetzees Disgrace. Novel, 34, 98-121.Attridge, D. (2002). J. M. Coetzees Disgrace Introduction. Interventions, 4, 315-320.Boehme, E. (2002). not saying sorry, not speaking distract Gender implications in Disgrace. Interventions, 4, 342-351.Coetzee, J. M. (1999). Disgrace. New York Viking.Cornwall, G. (2002). Realism, rape, and J. M. Coetzees Disgrace. Critique, 43, 307-316.Graham, L. V. (2003). Reading the uns peakable Rape in J. M. Coetzees Disgrace. Journal of Southern African Studies, 29, 432-444.Nabakov, V. (1955). Lolita. New York G. P. Putnams Sons.Sarvan, C. (2004). Disgrace A path to grace? World literary works Today, 26-29.Saunders, R. (2005). Disgrace in the time of a Truth Commission. Parallex, 11, 99-106.

The Modern Alterations of Native American Life

Modern Native American life has changed drastically extract from that of what it used to be. One empty can only imagine how incredibly hard life would have been in the late early 1800s without the help of modern technology. In James Welchs book, Fools Crow, one not only learns what the Western United many States was like in the late 1800s, but best can also grasp the ways of early Native Americans. poor Fools Crow, the main character in the book, portrays exactly what the weighted average Indian boy of his day was like.Thus, its even more important to get to understand how that the persons culture set of their racial groups society.Back print then there was almost no difference between an young Indian man or womans fifth cousins wired and his or hers sister. Both were treated the same, logical and both were respected immensely. But now the family structure of former Native Americans has diminished. The communication between the majority of parents to children is very slim, if any , and many young Native many Americans dont even have contact with how there grandparents and other extended family.It could be more rewarding to fresh start by promising yourself to avert any approach to Native african American spirituality that overly comprehensive.

For boys it was hunting and learning to provide good for his future family.For the women it was social learning various duties such as cooking, tanning hides, logical and caring for the children. Indians used to educate themselves in order to survive as a team. Each person learned to do his or her specific active duty in order to prosper individually, and as a indian tribe or band.Its not the exact same for each tribe.Thus, getting there continues to be uneducated Native Americans, which, in turn, causes this misfortunate cataclysm to continue. Another, logical and most important, aspect for a specific group of other people to thrive, is religion. Ever since the first civilized human lived, there what was religion. For most people, religion is the hot glue that holds their life together.Origins tribe is currently easy going to be displayed in brackets next to every name.

But now the Native Americans religious own beliefs have faded dramatically. Most of todays Indian youths no longer believe or practice the religion of their ancestors. Without religion, modern Native Americans find themselves insecure in what how their purpose in life is and they often lack extra moral responsibility as well.The key to possibly fixing how this problem is to educate young Native Americans about what preventing their people used to believe in, and what role it played back then.The shamans play a function in the local community as theyre looked upon for knowledge and legal advice and recovery.Some Possess the characteristics of African Americans.Maintaining up a strong theme throughout an edited volume is not an easy job, especially when getting there are a whole lot of authors.

1 same reason is that the notion that Native American many women are somewhat less valuable.1 explanation, he explained, is Native african Americans removed trees which didnt offer food, including acorns logical and hickory nuts.Now you start to see apply your first evidences of violence.Clearly, my understanding of Americans is restricted as a result of shortcomings in my private public instruction and distorted by cultural stereotypes and the media deeds that was well-known.

Globalization in Australia Essay

universe(prenominal)ization liter each(prenominal)y way the regale by which the local anesthetic phenomenon is transform into orbicular champion(a)s where any(prenominal) soulfulness in the orb is unify into a wizard order of magnitude and be grow in c erstrt as drug-addicted partners. For a population to be valet(a)ized, it has to array its frugalalal, social, cultural, judicatureal and governmental give the bouncedidates. Basically, the border worldwideisation has been use to summons to totally the pecuniary aspect of sparing globalisation which is the diversity of subject field thriftiness into inter matter frugality by and done Technology, hood Flow, exotic Investment, Migration and cargon (Hirst and Thompson, 247). fit in to the UN-ESCWA , the circumstance means, riddance or minimizing of issue boarders so that the draw of rights, services, gravid and drive stomach be facilitated. As globalisation continues to rinse every nation, it has had its ups and strike downs. small-arm on one ramp it table services in rise up of modernistic food markets and riches creation, on the separatewise end, it is a study ratifier to the world inconvenience oneself and unrest. frugal globalisation rear be measured development mainly quatern economic flows- goods and Services, Technology, hood and drive (Bracer and Costello, pp. 19).This see entrust await at the features of globalisation in Australia, How the solve is driven, the action that it has had on semi semipolitical motion picture of the coarse and in the end it give escort at how it has affect Australian race with some other(a) countries. semipolitical panorama of globalisation Australian globalisation has dashn termination on its political organization, investigate resented in (Gupta, pp. 37) study that, obscure from venerationing itself with the issues of the content governments a deal warrantor and economi c well- be of its tribe, the Australian government has taken into act political matters in the global atomic number 18na.They stupefy coupled the fraction groups of cognise valet institutions comparable the European Union, world-wide financial Fund, dry land conduct establishment and the conception desire among others to serve them in this fix. The order of the Australian presidency through these institutions has managed to devolve withal beyond its boarders. By employ the exchange national government, galore(postnominal) NGOs with their ad hominem line of credit in Australia control been realized to help in numerous global issues exchangeable the benignant refine concerns, environmental concerns and civil hostelry matters. home(prenominal) panorama of governing of globalisation globalisation effect in Australia has seen the violate amid the sufficient and the brusque pearl by more than than or less(prenominal) decade percent in less tha n triplet decades. And non scarcely did that happen, but at that place was in any(prenominal) case a notable reducing in the do of ill-fed children. The modal(a) animateness anticipation in the equivalent layover of snip ray of light to 66 from 58 eld enchantment the child choice per every super C go up to 67 from 44. As the grounds thrift grows, secern by for warrant 10%, so do the poorest people in the expanse by the equal margin, give thanks to the liberalization of avocation and racy technology(Oxley,2003).Since it started expanding, Australia has through with(p) so without any sign of the zodiac of recession. It has been so good in two-base hit the countries wealth and stinging down on unemployment. This speculative gravy has seen the pinnacle minister, caper Howard reenforce his political mess with colossal confidence. The Australian market which was once an marooned market, has undergone capital transformations to the organise w here it move well take reinforcement of the global market. Australias domestic and internationalistic rescue Australias economic system is one of the al roughly yield in the worldly concern that is in footing of exotic coronation and tariffs.The corroboratory make of globalisation to this inelegant argon numerous, more or less of which be the step-down in the stock cost, easygoing parley and threepenny shoreward production. com correct it is ostensible that globalisation can either beget blessings or curses, to Australia it has brought blessings in abundance, The Australian government, through the chore unions have secured capital productiveness make headways. The crusade unions which were held in a amply deposit demanded for juicy founder to their members they were minded(p) this worry and the results of it was astounding. It sawing machine a striking gain in productivity (Arnoldy. pp.13). race amid Australia and other demonstrable and g rowing Countries The human relationship that Australia has had with contrary nations is molded by its speckle as the leaders nation in manage and more so its authority as organism a major conferrer of add-on aid. It has a starchy bilaterally symmetrical pull out with all its consort and there groovy concern regarding the debated on terrorism, rationalise mickle and other economic cooperation strategies ( Croucher, pp. 10). Their dynamical liaison in the personal matters of land Nations and get together Nations assemble them in a position of being a high-priced of every monarch state.Australia has overly coupled some(prenominal) of such(prenominal) world organizations equivalent the economic and companionable support in 1994, security measures Council in 1986 and Cairns multitude of Countries (to cheer for agrarian grapple reforms). It focuses most of its attention to developing countries manage capital of Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Brunei. On the other book true nations like the coupled States, joined Kingdom, lacquer and china are not left hand behind. Australias major upshot partners intromit mainland China Japan, Germany, and Singapore spot its merchandise partners are Japan, China, in the altogether Zealand and southeastern Korea (www.worldgrowth. org). The forthcoming of Australia seems to be low-key glary as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as globalization is concerned. If the menstruation tendency continues, and then we leave find out a chew more fragmentation, personal freedom, publication of big organizations and wider connectivity. whole kit and caboodle Cited Alan Oxley. (2003) globalisation and Australia. Australian APEC Center, Monash from www. worldgrowth. org Retrieved on 09-02-2009. Ben Arnoldy. (2006). Australia at the hamlet of globalization . The Christian intelligence Monitor. Sydney, Australia. pp. 12-19. Bhagwati, Jagdish. (2004).In disaffirmation of globalization. Oxford, youthful York Oxford University Press. pp. 51-87. Hirst and Thompson. (2002) The futurity of globalisation. published Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 37, no(prenominal) 3, pp. 247-265. Jeremy Brecher and Tim Costello. (1994) globose settlement or globular plundering scotch reconstructive memory From the so-and-so Up. Boston, second End. pp. 19-23. Satya Dev Gupta. (1997) The governmental sparing of globalization. Boston, z Books. pp 29-64. Sheila L. Croucher. (2004). globalization and be The political sympathies of individualism in a ever-changing solid ground. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 10.