Wonder Drug

Wonder Drug Most people know that Penicillin is an extremely important drug, but few know just how important and influential it really is. Think about what life would be like today without it. What would be of contemporary medicine today? Would society as a whole succumb to these relentless infinitesimal organisms? What would have been of one’s ancestors if they too like so many before and after incurred a serious infection? This essay shall explore these questions and many like it. It will explain why penicillin is undoubtedly the best medication of the century, perhaps the best medication ever in existence.Penicillin is produced by a bread mold, known as Penicillium. The discovery of Penicillin sometimes referred to as the â€Å"wonder drug† has been the most important drug to date. It has the ability to kill just about any bacterial infection and at the time of it’s creation there was no other drug or anything like it. To this date it has saved millions of chi ldren, women, men and animals. The wonder drug was originally discovered purely by accident by one Alexander Fleming, a Scottish Scientist in the year 1928.Penicillin was later developed further by many different Scientists who were able to use it to create numerous versions of antibiotics to cure a vast range of illnesses. Antibiotics have been used for several years in treatment for a variety of skin disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, strep throat, and respiratory illnesses. Before Penicillin was discovered, if one were to have a serious infection, death was irrefutable. People often would die of the smallest wounds due to bacterial infections. Bacteria mutates quite often, creating antibiotic-resistant organisms. Which makes it become resistant to the drug.Even with this said, there are still only a small amount of bacteria that Penicillin and it’s predecessors can not tackle and over come. One of Penicillin’s most advertised uses was for combating sexually t ransmitted diseases. There are websites that show old advertisements for penicillin on the side of mailboxes that shamelessly state, â€Å"Penicillin cures gonorrhea in four hours see your doctor today. †   Believe it or not during the late 1940’s researchers from the United States performed experimental studies in Guatemala. They had to because these types of studies were not allowed in the states.So with the cooperation of the Guatemalan government, local prostitutes were used to pass on STD’s to prisoners, insane asylum patients, and Guatemalan soldiers to test the wonder drug’s effectiveness. Out of approximately thirteen hundred infected people, eighty three died. Although at that time it was not possible to establish if the experiments were the actual cause of death. Penicillin made a major difference in the amount of amputees and deaths during World War II. Because of the difficulties of manufacturing large amounts of Penicillin, availability was extremely limited.Imagine what the death toll would have been if Penicillin had not been made readily available? In fact Penicillin was so scarce, that in it’s infancy, medical personnel would collect the urine from patients and filter the drug from the urine and reuse it. This is because Penicillin passes through the body at rapid rate, usually in about three to four hours. So some may wonder what makes Penicillin so significant, and what makes it the most important medical drug that has ever come into existence? A lot would argue perhaps Morphine or even the Smallpox vaccines are better examples for the most valuable drug.And although one who would argue this may have some validity to one’s argument in an overall comparison there is really no comparison. Smallpox was a devastating disease that crippled the world, the survival rate was approximately seventy percent, which left the other thirty percent of it’s victims suffering immensely. One who contracted thi s disease would develop blisters and a high fever and often feel malaise with head and body aches and sometimes experience violent vomiting. The blisters were excruciatingly painful and there was little to ease the pain and suffering for its victims.The fever was like none other, often so high that it would cause seizures and hallucinations. It was not until the year 1796 that the Smallpox vaccine was created by a scientist named Edward Jenner. Yet as significant of a vaccine this was it does not outweigh the benefits of Penicillin. At the time Smallpox was a great vaccine for the world. After the world wide eradication though, there was no longer a demand for it. The only people who receive the vaccine currently are military personnel and government contractors traveling overseas. Which in a way is better considering the risks of the vaccine.Some of the risks include seizures, an actual mild case of smallpox, risk spreading it to others by being careless with one’s open woun ds, plus it only provides ninety five percent immunity for up to five years. Penicillin has a decent amount of competing antibiotic drugs such as Clindamycin, Azithromycin, Doxycyclin. First and foremost these would not be in existence if it wasn’t for the creation of Penicillin to perpetuate the making of these. All of the competitor drugs are just various versions of Penicillin so as one can see there is very little argument that it’s predecessors are only what they are because of Penicillin’s creation.The only difference between all of these is the functionality due to the amino group and the gram spectrum of the bacteria one heals. This basically means that each one of these targets a different part or kind of bacteria, but still uses the same principle of the original drug. This is why as stated above there is no argument when it comes to the importance of the creation of Penicillin. This essay has explored what Penicillin is, why it is so influential, and who has benefited from it.It has been used in an array of situations from anything such as a sexually transmitted diseases to strep throat. There is no discrediting the fact that without Penicillin the world as one knows it would never have come into existence, this is why Penicillin is conclusively the most important medical drug ever in existence. Works Cited â€Å"Drugs. † Questions and Answers for Consumers on Penicillin G Procaine. Food and Drug Administration, 23 May 2003. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. . â€Å"Smallpox Disease Overview. † CDC Smallpox. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 Dec. 2004. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. .

Morality and Babyhood Essay

Characteristics of babyhood: (From 2 weeks to 2 years) i) Babyhood is the true foundation age. At this time, many behavior patterns, attitudes and emotional expressions are established. It is a critical period in setting the pattern for personal and emotional adjustments. ii) Babyhood is an age of rapid growth and development. Babies grow rapidly both physically and psychologically. Changes are rapid in appearance (height and weight) and capacities. The limbs develop in better proportion to the large head. Intellectual growth and change are parallel to physical growth and change. iii) Ability grows to recognize and respond to people and objects in the environment. The baby is able to understand many things and communicate its needs and wants. iv) The babyhood is an age of decreasing dependency. The baby begins to do things to itself. With decrease of dependency, a rebellion against being treated as baby. A protest takes protest comes in the form of angry outbursts and crying when independence is denied. v) It is an age of high individuality which can be realized in appearance and in patterns of behavior. vi) Babyhood is the beginning of Creativity, sex role and socialization for adjustment in future life. vii) Babyhood is a hazardous period. The physical hazards are illness, accidents, disabilities and death. Psychological hazards are disinterests and negative attitude. Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks During The babyhood Learning to take solid food Learning to walk. Learning to talk. Learning to control the elimination of body wastes. Learning sex differences and sex modesty. Getting ready to read. Learning to distinguish right & wrong and beginning to develop a conscience. Babyhood skills Hand skills – self-feeding , self dressing,and play skills Leg skills-Jumping, climbing stairs, running without falling speech development in babyhood Talking is one of the biggest milestones there is, and the latest research suggests there’s a lot you can do to help your child become a master chatter. Months before my daughter Ella spat out her first official word (â€Å"bath! â€Å"), she was a Chatty Cathy in terms of sheer noise–exercising her pipes by howling for a feeding, squealing at a sock puppet, or babbling â€Å"ba ba ba† at the top of her lungs. And it turns out there’s a reason behind the racket. For babies, it’s a kind of linguistic cross-training–a way they prep for the main event of real speech, otherwise known as one of the coolest milestones ever. The average age at which kids utter a bona fide first word is 12 months, and they’re able to manage two-word â€Å"sentences† by the time they’re 2. But (reality check! ) as any pediatrician will attest, babies hit language milestones at a wide range of ages. A child who seems behind can all of a sudden make a giant leap ahead of her peers, verbally. And a kid who starts talking early may get stuck on the same few words for months before adding more to her repertoire. So no comparing or panicking! Sure, you can hardly wait to hear that first word or â€Å"wuv you. † But like all Big Moments in your baby’s life–sleeping through the night, sitting up, first steps–it will happen when she’s ready. There are, however, proven ways you can nudge language development along, experts say. Check out our stage-by-stage (and completely anxiety-free! ) guide to baby talk for the scoop on what you’ll hear, when to expect it, and how best to keep up your end of the conversation. 1 Month Waaah. Crying may not sound conversational, but it’s your newborn’s primary way to communicate, meaning she uses it for everything from â€Å"I’m tired† and â€Å"I need food† to â€Å"It’s a little too bright in here. † Wailing also primes your baby for genuine language by strengthening the same neural pathways in the brain that are used for speech–and by giving her larynx, the organ in the throat responsible for sound production, a good workout. What to say back: Something that will soothe the fussing and squalling. While a good cry may exercise your baby’s vocal cords, the sooner you can comfort her, the more confident she’ll be that you’re really listening to her–and the more willing she’ll be to keep trying to â€Å"tell† you what she’s feeling. 2 to 5 months Ooh? aah. Those supercute coos are airy sounds that come straight from the larynx–making them easy to say for tiny babies still figuring out how to use their lips and tongues. They’re also fun. â€Å"Kids tend to focus on particular sounds: squeals, vowels, or growls, as we call them,† says D. Kimbrough Oller, Ph. D. , a professor of audiology and speech-language pathology at the University of Memphis. These will help your little one learn to control vocal tone and volume–something she’ll need to form her first word. What to say back: Anything in â€Å"parentese,† that singsongy voice that sounds like it came off a children’s CD–only it’s you repeating â€Å"Hiiiii! † Research shows the high pitch makes your infant really take notice of–and want to imitate–what you say. 5 to 7 months Ah? goo. When your baby begins to add in consonants, it means she’s now able to produce a full repertoire of sounds–a major linguistic milestone. â€Å"It’s harder to produce consonants because they require interaction between the tongue and the lips,† says Roberta Golinkoff, Ph. D. , director of the University of Delaware Infant Language Project in Newark. â€Å"It’s a big deal. † What to say back: Narrate the sights you see on your drive or your daily plans (â€Å"We’re going to the store for some milk, and then Daddy’s taking you to the park! â€Å"). Talking to a non-talker may feel bizarre, but research has found that infants actually understand far more than we realize. In one study, 6-month-olds who heard the word â€Å"mommy† responded by looking at a picture of their mom. 7 to 9 months Ma-ma-ma. Was that a first word? Hmm? Though your baby is probably still simply parroting sounds, once she starts babbling in distinct syllables, her â€Å"conversation† can sound so much like language that it’s hard to tell. Consider this her final dress rehearsal for putting those syllables together in a way that has real meaning. What to say back: Talk about the things around her so she’ll connect objects with words. Just don’t assume â€Å"bo-bo† means â€Å"ball† if she says it while reaching for her shoe. â€Å"Notice where your child is looking before you label an object. It’s very adaptive for babies–and a lot of parents do it naturally,† says Jenny Saffran, Ph. D. , director of the Infant Learning Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. 9 to 12 months Nee-nigh. Getting out just the right sounds takes practice, so for now, your baby’s making up combos that indicate real objects–a halfway point between babbling and true speech. She may say â€Å"nee-nigh† for â€Å"bottle,† or â€Å"sho-sho† for â€Å"yogurt,† for example. What to say back: As long as you know what your baby’s trying to say, don’t quibble over correct pronunciation. Swapping in weird names for regular words is normal for new talkers–so your best move is to respond in a way that shows you understand: She says â€Å"banktee,† you produce her blanket. It’s cute to hear (and say) her made-up words, and experts say it’s fine if â€Å"banktee† becomes de rigueur in your household. Eventually, you’ll phase it out for the real thing. 12 to 15 months Dog. Whatever recognizable word your child produces first, it’s bound to be something she’s fascinated by and something she can easily say–which is why the single-syllable â€Å"Da,† â€Å"Ma,† â€Å"ball,† and, yes, â€Å"dog† are fairly common first words. â€Å"Kitten† and â€Å"television†? Not so much. What to say back: â€Å"Hurrah! † Cheering on her speaking attempts will motivate her to master new words. Plus, Golinkoff notes that the rule for babies learning to talk is â€Å"the more language in, the more language out. † So keep chatting! By doing so, you’re supplying the words for interesting objects and emotions. Add that to praising her for using the ones she already knows and you’ll soon have a total motor mouth on your hands. 15 to 18 months Go. After your toddler has spit out that first word, she’ll learn what she needs to do to make others–including different parts of speech, like verbs and adjectives. By 15 months, most kids are able to say 20 or more words, and the lexicon expands as weeks go by. What to say back: Cuddle up with a good story for a no-brainer vocab booster. Perfect at this age: board books filled with short-and-sweet words, like Where Is Baby’s Belly Button? by Karen Katz, or Dear Zoo, by Rod Campbell. â€Å"Talk about what’s in the pictures, as well,† suggests Julie Masterson, coauthor of Beyond Baby Talk: From Sounds to Sentences, A Parent’s Complete Guide to Language Development. â€Å"It’s fun for kids to hear you say ‘See the dog? It says ‘woof. ‘† 18 to 22 months Da-me-fo-bee. You know your toddler is saying something amazing–if only you could understand it. In their second year, kids become masters of nonsensical speech, producing strings of elegant gibberish that sound like a faux version of adult conversation (often complete with inflection and hand gestures). She’ll also be saying around 30 or so real words-but even those may not be crystal clear. What to say back: Ask questions that get your kid talking. If she says â€Å"boo-bee-lala† while building a block tower, ask â€Å"What do you like about the blocks? † One recent study in the journal Pediatrics showed that back-and-forth conversations between adults and little ones are the best way to improve their verbal skills. 22 to 24 months. More milk. By the time she turns 2, your toddler will likely be able to string two or three words together to make mini-sentences. A favorite to throw into the mix of the dozens of words in her growing vocabulary: â€Å"more. † It’s a sign that your kid is figuring out the ability of language to make things happen. What to say back: Give her what she asks for! (Within reason, of course. ) Being able to tell you what she wants is a major milestone for her, but it’s a happy day for you, too. Just think: fewer meltdowns over misunderstood requests! And by responding, you show her just how powerful and rewarding talking really can be. Prespeech forms of communication Four prespeech forms of communication are there Crying- Hurlock considers it to be the very first piece of human behaviour that has social value. It gradually becomes differentiated as the newborn reaches the third or fourth week of life. Cooing and Babbling-As the baby’s vocal mechanisms develop,he becomes capable of producing explosive sounds which develop into babbling or lallation. Babbling begins during the second or third month of life. Gesturing –This develops and is used by the baby not to supplement,but to substitute for his speech. Emotional expressions- This is most effective forms of preseech. Baby communicates with others by using some gestures and emotional expressions emotional development in babyhood month 1 Makes eye contact Cries for help Responds to parents’ smiles and voices Month 2 Begins to develop a social smile Enjoys playing with other people and may cry when play stops Prefers looking at people rather than objects Studies faces Gurgles and coos in response to sounds around her First begins to express anger Month 3 Starts a â€Å"conversation† by smiling at you and gurgling to get your attention Smiles back when you smile at him. The big smile involves his whole body — hands open wide, arms lift up, legs move Can imitate some movements and facial expressions Month 4 Is intrigued by children. Will turn toward children’s voices in person or on TV Laughs when tickled and when interacting with others Cries if play is disrupted Month 5 Becomes increasingly assertive Can differentiate between family members (parents and siblings) and strangers Likes to play during meals Month 6 May quickly tire of a toy but will never tire of your attention Temperament becomes increasingly apparent. You’ll see whether she tends to be easygoing or easily upset; gentle or active Recognizes his own name Coos for pleasure and cries with displeasure Can make noises like grunts and squeals; clicks his tongue Month 7 Starts to understand the meaning of â€Å"no† Enjoys social interaction Expresses anger more strongly Tries to mimic adult sounds Month 8 Can differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar May become shy or anxious with strangers Cries in frustration when he can’t reach a toy or do something he wants to do Month 9 Imitates gestures that other people make Looks at correct picture when an image is named. Smiles and kisses own image in the mirror Likes to play near parent (i. e. , in kitchen while Mom is cooking) May be more sensitive to the presence of other children Month 10 Separation anxiety may begin Self-esteem begins to develop Responds to positive recognition such as clapping Becomes cautious of heights Shows moods such as sad, happy, and angry Month 11 Tries to gain approval and avoid disapproval Can be uncooperative Month 12 May have temper tantrums Can fluctuate between being cooperative and uncooperative Shows a developing sense of humor May cling to parents or one parent in particular Development of understanding. As the babies grow the criteria of understanding increases. It depends largely on two factors : their level of intelligence and their previous experiences. Most important concepts that are related are Space Weight Time Self Sex-role Social Beauty The comic Functions and vertues od play: 1 it aids growth 2 it is a voluntary activity 3 language can be developed through it 4 it offers opportunities for matery of physical self PLAY PATTERNS OF BABYHOOD: sensorimotor play exploratory play imitative play make -believe play games and amusements Moral development in babyhood: Babies have no scale of values and no conscience. They are therefore neither moral nor immoral but nonmoral in the sense that their behavior is not guided by moral standards. Eventually they will learn moral codes from their parents, and later from their teachers and playmates etc. Learning to behave in a morally approved manner is a long, slow process. However, foundations are laid in babyhood and on these foundations children build moral codes which guide their behavior as they grow older. Because of their limited intelligence, babies judge the rightness or wrongness of an act in terms of the pleasures or pain it brings them rather than in terms of its good and harmful effects on others. They therefore perceive an act as wrong only when it has some harmful defect in themselves. They have no sense of guilt because they lack definite standards of right and wrong. They so not feel guilty when they take things that belong to others because they have no concept of personal property rights. Baby is in a stage of moral development which Piaget has called morality by constraint- the first of three stages in development. This stage lasts until the age of seven or eight years and is characterized by automatic obedience to rules without reasoning or judgment.

Cultural report on workplace bullying in Israel Essay

Cultural report on workplace bullying in Israel - Essay Example The problem Ayoko et al (2003) states that lack of proper employee and multicultural management leads to workplace bullies. This is normally characterized by name-calling, taunting, teasing or even sexual harassment. The situation is much worse if the company or organization’s management is involved in the bullying of employees because the affected employees have no one to run to for help. It also reduces the chances of such a vice fading away. Such a case of management involvement in bullying employee has been reported in this textile company. Employees especially those of Australian origin have reported that they are being bullied by the company management. Some of the employees have reported that they have been called names while some of them have reported constant taunting and teasing. According to Brodsky (1976), bullying makes the workplace unbearable for bullied workers. It also impacts negatively on their productivity. This is to say that bullying kills their morale an d motivation. Bullying of employees by company management makes workers to develop a negative attitude towards the company and hence they put little or no efforts to see to it that its production levels increase. Wiedmer (2011) explains that when bullied, workers who are innovative in nature and those who are good at identifying new markets go mute. This means the company is directly loosing a lot as a result of its discriminative management. Apart from affecting employees, the negative culture has also impacts negatively on the management practice. For example, it makes the management to loose the respect of employees. This means that the rate of taking instructions reduces because the employees are no longer willing to co-operate with the management. Some could also be on a revenge mission to see to it that the company records poor performance so as to taint the image of the oppressive management. Bullying taints the credibility of the management. Crawford (1997) explains that emp loyees loose usually confidence in a management that participates in jokes that are racially and even sexually offensive. According to De Dreu (2007), bullying of employees by management can divide the management along racial lines. For example though this textile company is Australian based, not all its management is of Australian or Israeli origin. Some of its members therefore feel bad to see their fellow citizens being bullied or discriminated by a section of the management. Alternative Solutions Alternative solutions to bullying as an evil culture of bullying touch on the management as well as the employees. Such measures will ensure that the culture does not simply shift from the management to the employees or become a collaboration between sections of the two. First, the company should create a company culture that not only accepts but also appreciates the variations that every employee brings to the workplace. Ashforth (1994) states that the new culture should enable the man agement as well as the employees to recognize, appreciate and most importantly, to respect variations between cultures. The company should also develop an amalgamated culture from all the cultures represented in the company. Saam (2010) explains that such a unifying culture will form a common basis of conduct for all the employees irrespective of their cultural backgrounds. The company also should develop employment policies then

A Catastrophe Housing Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Catastrophe Housing Crisis - Essay Example The astonishing part about this is that amidst this crippling crisis, no one truly has an astute understanding of how a simple subprime mortgage flap has caused so much life-changing damage. This holds particularly true for the embattled homeowner, who was bombarded with highly technical instruments without being duly informed of its potentially damaging ramifications. My uncle was one of those gravely affected by the mortgage crisis. He was always an upstanding, responsible guy, and a few years ago he proudly announced that he had taken out a mortgage for a nice new property, the culmination of all his hard work and efforts. Some in our family were particularly wary as to how he got the home loan, as he gone through a rough financial patch some years back. He proudly stated that the bank was very "kind" to him, and had worked out a "special" deal for him so he could buy his house. I distinctly remember having a conversation with him where he was really hyped about this newfangled instrument called a subprime loan. He boasted about how the bank gave him a really low interest rate for the first year, and that succeeding years would depend on how the prime rate would hold up. I asked him how sure it would hold up, and that it wouldn't skyrocket. He said he was assured by the banker he was talking to that it was the perfect time to take out a loan be cause the market was very stable and wasn't going anywhere in the next couple of years.When the prime rate went through the roof, the increase in my uncle's monthly amortization became exponential. He simply could not keep up with the payments , he was only earning so much to support himself and my three cousins. As the bills piled up, he had no choice but to let go of his dream home. The bank is starting foreclosure proceedings on his home, and I often catch him staring blankly into space. When prodded with what went wrong, all he could tell me was "They never told me it would turn out this way".Quite frankly, they never expected that it would turn out this way either. An article in the New York Times (2008) argues that "your confusion is shared by many people who are right in the middle of the crisis. (p.14.) Even top analysts and brokers are lost amidst the extreme complexity of the instruments used. Now, if even the experts do not grasp the crisis fully, what more for the ordina ry homeownerWe have to understand that we are dealing with an issue that ran so deep that once the bubble burst, everyone from the bottom up was hit hard. Its ramifications were far-reaching, extending far beyond domestic shores. According to Dattels and Antonshin, (2008), "Over the next few years losses are expected to reach the $900 billion mark, and banks and financial institutions everywhere are scrambling just to keep their head above their water". (p.9)So who could blame my uncle for not knowing what hit him, when the experts themselves were completely lost as well. Could he be completely blamed for his seeming ignorance, when everyone else was in the same boat.

Final Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final - Case Study Example The employees in many of such organizations feel that co-operating the concept of self managed work team is analogous with the assistance of their own execution. â€Å"The concept of self-managed work teams is also opposed by the supervisors of many organizations who do not intend to become the facilitators†. The self managed work team violates the principal of unit of command. Studies and organizational behavior theories have proved that there is contradiction in the effectiveness of the self-managed work teams. Such a situation could also be highlighted from the case when Knowlton was not able to align himself with the objectives of the whole team after Feaster arrived and began showing his superiority in the subject matter and research worked by the team. It should also be noted that in the meeting with the sponsors of the research, except the departmental heads, bosses and supervisors only Feaster was the only employee that was invited for the meeting and was asked to give presentation about the proceedings of the research. Even though he had been an active participant in the research since his joining, other employees were also the part of the project and had been working on the same for much longer period them him. It is also observed that employees working as a part of self-manage d work teams have high attrition rate and absenteeism then the people working in a conventional work groups. Fester’s role in the organization was determined by largely his personality. From the day he was appointed to the team and project, he was dedicated and excited to complete the research. He started getting in close connection with the Link, the mathematician of the group spending time discussing the method of analysis of the patterns that link had been worrying about over the past few months. He tried to understand the concept on which they were

Money is key to happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Money is key to happiness - Essay Example Apart from it being an essential, it also takes the form of joy. One who has it more than the basic requirement finds it a pleasure to have it. Money not only buys the necessities of life but also has the power of fulfilling ones deepest desires. But not everyone is fortunate enough to have the pennies from the heaven. In fact some cant even meet their basic needs. This is mainly because of the inequalities that have prevailed in our societies. The unequal distribution of income, which has a vital role to play in this regard, is directly effected by the prevailing socio-political and economic conditions within the country. C.W. Mills, in his book The Sociological Imagination, has emphasized on the aspect of raising the level of overall countrys prosperity. This, as he proposed, is achievable by making efforts to reach a full employment condition by balancing all the variables in such a way that every thing gets settled in an equilibrium state. Some also argue that the money isnt the actual aspect of bringing happiness to ones life. They say that having money to a greater extent might be the ultimate source of pleasure; however, it is to certain limit. This limit though varies from person to person, but after reaching this point the utility becomes nil. This demonstrates an important aspect I.e. money brings well-being and actually well being is the actual source of happiness. To reach a certain level of well being, only a certain amount of money might be enough, except for those who merely live for the greed of having more and more. Even several researches conducted and studies performed have yielded these results i.e. the people who have pursued for having more and more of money actually end up working late hours. Such people are going after extrinsic goals i.e. name and fame and often undergo depression, anxiety and dissatisfaction. On the contrary, people who are after the intrinsic goals such as having a healthy socia l circle are

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Term paper - Essay Example It has an incredible organization that has propelled its existence to date. Historically, Olympics dates as early as 776 BC; however, several studies may differ on the exact date of the first Olympic event. Based on wide analysis, many studies widely accept 776BC as the inception date. It is a date that is based on inscriptions in Olympia a place where it is believed that the first Olympic event occurred in Greece. Notably, it is believed that the first Olympic events were largely religious and athletics that were marked after every four years at the sanctuary of Zeus in Olympia, Greece (Guttmann, pg. 22). Moreover, the first Olympic sports competition featured combat sports, athletics, wrestling and the pankration, a horse racing event. Surprisingly, it is believed that during these sporting events, all conflicting communities would keep off wars and resume after the event. Today, evidence points out that Zeus was a center of animal sacrifices as religious observance of the event. Notably, winners of any events were highly regarded and were given special publicity through poems and statues. Evidently, the King Onesmaus of Pisatis is remembered for his prowess in horse chariot race and his statue remain an icon of admiration to modern times. However, despite the huge attraction of magnitude of people, the cultural event started declining gain 6th and 5th BC due to the incursion of the Roman rulers. While there is argument on the exact year that saw the event close temporary, there is scholarly consensus that it was 393 AD. During this year, emperor Theodosius decreed that all religious, pagans and cult events be eliminated as the Romans exerted its power in the ancient Greece. Besides, other scholars argue that it was during the 426 AD when Theodosius the second destruction of Greek temples. Following the harsh Roman rule in Greece, there was no any other documented games. It was a period that the

Engine performance and Efficiensy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engine performance and Efficiensy - Coursework Example Momentum drag is the negative thrust (force) opposing the jet thrust or motion through air, it is also referred to as the ram drag. It is a product of the incoming air (flow rate) and the velocity via which it is fed to the jet engine. It is normally denoted as Ti or To. Mathematically, it is the difference between the gross and net thrust (Momentum drag = Gross thrust – Net thrust) (Farokhi 290). It is computed as (Gunston 187): Momentum drag is the opposition the aircraft experiences as it surges through the air. to the engine, it may be referred to as the ‘friction’ experienced by the engine as it propels the aircraft forwards. Net thrust is the resultant aerodynamic force that causes propulsion of an aircraft in air, which is represented by the summation nozzle thrust and momentum of motion. It is a result of the propulsion system, engine, overcoming momentum drag. It is thus the difference between the gross thrust and the momentum drag on the engine of an aircraft (Net thrust = Gross thrust – Maximum drag) (El-Sayed 125). It is usually denoted by T and is calculated as follows: The aircraft thrust is influenced by the airflow into the engine. A change in the rate of airflow triggers a resultant thrust alteration. In the case of net thrust, the increase in the aircrafts speed results to an increase for air fed into the engine, resulting to a higher output (Cumpsty 193). With static thrust, the environmental factors tend to determine the ability of the craft to engage in motion. With static thrust, the air speed is kept constant and is not affected by the crafts motion thus differing from the net thrust. b) Calculate the net thrust of a turbo jet flying at 150 M/S with an air mass flow of 50 Kg/S and a jet stream velocity of 300 M/S with a chocked nozzle. The residual gas pressure in the jet stream is 45 KPa gauge, the nozzle area is 0.2M2. It is evident from the derived

James Madison Essay Example for Free

James Madison Essay James Madison, Federalist Paper #51, 1788 In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate governments, Hence a double security rises to the rights of the people. The different governments will each control each other, at the same ume that each will be controlled by Itself. Note: Madisons Idea of division of power between central and state governments is known as Federalism, Specific power divisions can be seen in the chart below. Document Analysis 1. A compound is something made of two or more pieces. What are the two pieces that make up Madisons compound government? The central/national government and the state governments 2. What word ending in ism is another word for this kind ot compound government? Federalism . How does this compound government provide double security to the people? The central and state governments will check each others power. Also, the branches within each level of government will provide checks and balances. 4. Using the chart above, can you see a pattern In the types of power the Constitution reserved for the State governments? States seem to have power over the more local and personal issues (school. marriages ). These personal liberties were too important for the framers to put into the hands of the national government. Governments closer to the people (the state overnments) would be more in tune with the feelings and cultures of their arem 5. How does federalism guard against tyranny? By distributing certain powers between the central government and the states neither could tyrannize (gain absolute power) over the nation or the nations people. Document

Milk Curdling Essay Example for Free

Milk Curdling Essay Weve all seen it, lumpy milk poured from an outdated jug or lemon juice added to warm milk. What was once smooth, creamy milk becomes chunky, lumpy, and completely unappetizing. But curdled milk isnt always a bad thing. Although it sometimes signifies spoilage, it can also be a method of producing more delicious food, like cheese. Milk curdles because of a simple chemical reaction that can be set into place for a variety of reasons. Lets take a closer look at some of those reasons. What is Curdled Milk? Milk is comprised of several compounds, primarily fat, protein, and sugar. The protein in milk is normally suspended in a colloidal solution, which means that the small protein molecules float around freely and independently. These floating protein molecules refract light and give milk its white appearance. Normally these protein molecules repel each other, allowing them to float about without clumping, but when the pH of their solution changes, they can suddenly attract one another and form clumps. This is exactly what happens when milk curdles. As the pH drops and becomes more acidic, the protein (casein) molecules attract one another and become curdles floating in a solution of translucent whey. This clumping reaction happens more swiftly at warmer temperatures than it does at cold temperatures. Spoiled Milk All milk, even pasteurized milk, contains bacteria. As bacteria go about happily with their lives, they eat the natural sugars in milk, called lactose. As they digest lactose, a number of byproducts are created, including lactic acid. When the amount of lactic acid in the milk begins to increase, the pH drops and the casein molecules begin to clump. The high levels of lactic acid are also what give spoiled milk its characteristically sour smell. Milk and Lemon Juice or Vinegar Its not uncommon for recipes to call for lemon juice or vinegar to be added to milk. In fact, lemon juice and vinegar can be added to milk as a substitute for buttermilk in many recipes. So why does this not cause the milk to curdle? As with many chemical reactions, temperature controls the rate at which the reaction occurs. When adding lemon juice or vinegar to hot milk, it will curdle almost immediately, but adding it to cold milk will not produce a reaction for quite some time. This is the very same reaction used to create fresh cheeses like ricotta or paneer. Milk is heated to a designated temperature and then an acid (lemon juice or vinegar) is added. Once the milk curdles, the solid proteins are then strained from the liquid whey and shaped into a round of cheese. In this scenario, curdling has nothing to do with spoilage and is, in fact, very useful. Milk and Coffee or Tea On occasion, cold milk added to coffee or tea will curdle. This can be alarming as curdled milk is often seen as the same as spoiled milk. In this case, it can be half true. Coffee and tea are both slightly acidic, although usually not enough to curdle fresh milk. When milk is just on the brink of spoilage and bacteria have produced some, but not enough acid to curdle the cold milk, a little bit of extra acid from the coffee or tea, along with their heat can tip the scale and cause the milk to curdle. The milk may not be spoiled enough to cause an off odor or flavor, but just enough acid and heat in addition to its own can cause curdling. 1. Milk curdles when it goes bad due to the fact is is a colloid. Colloids are substances that do not separate easily, so they clump together when they start to turn. 2. curdling of milk occurs in different ways with the help of chemistry lets try to understand. The methods of curdling: ACIDIFICATION: It may occur thanks to milk ferments that transform lactose in to milk acid, taking the milk to 4. 6 pH, or for the addition of acid substances; RENNET: it is, generally, the sweet curdling that occurs thanks to enzymes. The substance that in the milk gets the transformation is casein, a fundamental protein that in the milk is found in a colloidal solution. The casein is a conjugate protein formed (by beside C, H, O, N, S) also phosphorus (P) in the form of ester phosphoric acid of which a part is found inside every unit of a,b,k- salificato casein with calcium and magnesium ions, a part is in the form of tricalcium phospote (apatite) that joins together the units of a, b, k- casein as in the picture. The whole casein micella is called phospho-caseinatum of calcium. The quantity of calcium ions regulates the aggregations state of micelle and the sped of their flocculation: without calcium casein cant coagulate. ACID CURDLING In normal conditions milk has a pH of about 6. 5-6. 7 and at this pH value the casein is without protons, it has a negative charge and therefore the casein micelles are relatively soluble, because they repel each others. In an acid ambient milk coagulates, because casein has its isoelectric point at 4. 6 pH, that is at this pH value it has a quantity of positive charges equal to the quantity of negative charges and the positive part of each micelle is attracted by the negative part of the others, causing the formation of ionic bonds among the micelle working against the dipole-dipole bonds with water, so that the protein precipitates in the form of demineralized casein and in the solution remain soluble calcium salts.

Quantity Surveying And Construction Management Construction Essay

Quantity Surveying And Construction Management Construction Essay The Qatar Construction Industry aims to form a complete waste management plan make honest with the state master plan and with a strong stress on recycling. The targets are to recycle 38 % of solid waste, up from the current 8 %, and cover domestic waste group at 1.6 kg/day, the Qatar National Development Strategy (NDS) 2011-2016 has exposed. Qatar produces more than seven hundred thousand tonnes of solid waste every one day. Much of it is crowded into landfills, with the underdeveloped recycling industry handling only 8 % of the waste At presently 91 % of nondomestic waste is taken in a straight line to landfills, and the bulk of what is eventually recycled is picked through by companies that sift through the waste at the landfills. Qatar will take on an involved strategy to cover the levels of waste produced by industry and to recycle much more of what waste is produced. The government published a policy text (QSAS) in 2010 in order to try and initiate better waste management activities within the construction sector. This chapter appraises to introduce the dissertation according the following sections: background of the research; the research aim and objectives, outline methodology for the research; and the structure of the dissertation. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the background of the research set out the setting for details of the dissertation, the importance, and further more continue with an exploration of the research aims and the chapter conclude with an outline of the objectives; literature review, data collection and analysis. Its comprise the entire chapter which are contain in the dissertation and finalize with an explanation of the dissertation structure. BACKGROUND The waste management has been a long issue worry for the public, Increasing the Amount of waste by increasing the population producing, therefor continually been a concern that where waste drives or sprits. It is being determined by the most economically feasible selection and with slight concern for the earth natural environment The principal importance is in waste escaping. Waste reduction can be defined as any technique, process or activity which avoids, eliminates or reduces a waste at its source, typically within the confines of the production unit (Williams, 2005). Producers must take responsibility for creating long-term produces with increased durability (Cooper, 1994). Waste decrease is the main to reducing the rising waste mountain and that is the main to sustainable waste management. In a construction site whether you can be as a contractor, subcontractor, site director or a site member of staff, discovery that how to reduce, reuse and recycle construction wastes is important. It will not only benefit to save money at site, but it also permits you to pay an important part to reduce the construction harm that construction waste effects to the environment. AIM The aim of the research is to identify and establish sustainability of waste reduce, reuse and recycle the waste in construction industry and analyzing the real presentation in the Doha Qatar Construction Industry. OBJECTIVE To identify the percentage waste management practice within the construction industry in relation to barrier/block. Finding out how does the waste in construction been produced To identify the answers why wastes are arise in construction site and the solution on it To identify the solutions for incredulous barrier and recommend more sustainable methods. To identify the feasible answer to overcome barrier and to advise practical recommendation using best available method on how waste can be achieved advance sustainably. Identify the solution for solving the waste reduce, reuse and recycle the waste for a better environment. OUTLINE RESEARCH METHODOLGY The Outline of the research methodology is limited to literature review, data collection and analysis. The involved review of establish waste management theory form Books, journals and internet finding. The important concerns were found on this research to explore more and from the research exploration to be used questionnaires to assembled facts. The exploratory questionaries assemble to enlarge the research in an excellence method. The questionnaires was focused more than 150 organization within the Doha Qatar Construction Industry and the inquiry was mainly conducted through the Email and online questionnaires The data which are collected would then be analyzed to gain a conclusion towards the dissertation. More details about the methodology are mentioned in chapter 4 of this dissertation. STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH The dissertation is basically contains three main parts which are introduction, literature review and analysis of the collected data through questionnaires. The dissertation subject into six chapters, start with the introduction of the waste management, its comprising background to the study, aim and objectives and the explanation for undertaking the research. The second chapter comprises the concept of the waste and waste management. The three chapters comprise the concept of alternative materials used in construction. The chapter four comprises the research methodology used to data collection. The chapter five comprises analysis the questionnaires result consequence and discussion of the essential discovery for the research and the final chapter six completes the research process review and recommendation. SUMMARY The chapter set out to introduce the through a discussion of background to the research, its aim and objectives, the methodology to be employed and the details of the dissertation content. The research mainly concern to the aim of the dissertation is to explore sustainable waste management in Doha Qatar Construction Industry and explore the research objectives of the research. As a final point, the chapter accomplishes with an account of the dissertation structure. CHAPTER two Literature review CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 1. INTRODUCTION The chapter primarily comprise the basic principal of sustainable waste management within Doha Qatar Construction Industry. It is mainly focussing the alternative material recovered and recycled form the construction waste as well. And review of the percentage construction industry in Doha Qatar. 2. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The Waste management in construction needs planning as it is a necessary portion in the commencement of the tendering and in the complete project planning. Construction planning is completed in feature, the way to deliver the project on period, the quality of the project and within an proper financial plan. (Karim. K, 2000) A related method wants to be completed for waste management also. A waste management plan is a main portion of the route, similar other planning basics of the planning development. Generally in obverse area of the project place will be used as a loading area, by means of the material which are approaching to the site can be kept at this point and the back part will be used for storage the waste material, which will be kept in not the same hops, and little by little transported on view of the site with a loading truck (Guthrie and Mallet, 1995). The whole of labors on site want to be well knowledgeable around the method and techniques that are predictable of them in respects to reusing and recycling produces. Definite coloured baskets will cover convinced kind of waste. There would be baskets for recycling and rubbish mainly, every time the baskets are full, they will be deserted in the filling trucks, and in turns transported off site for further practices. In advance, the works bring into being, let easy right to use to storing zones to make sure that the materials are secure from some damage, and also let every single worker know where to discovery the storing zone for the specific kinds of materials. It is greatest to stock the materials away from waste materials. 2. CONCEPT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT The waste management is the conduct of waste materials. It can be almost anything and a primary objective of waste management today is to protect the public and the environment from potentially harmful effects of waste. The waste material is harmful by product of building progression in the construction sector and waste management is an essential method of finding and trating waste in order to minimize (BRE, 2003). One of the largest waste producers is the construction industry and the waste is producing 32 tons for disposal per year [Over view Construction waste in Doha Qatar, 2007]. 3. RECYCLING AND RECOVERY The recycling and recovery is the point if the waste cannot be re-used. Recycling and recovery only be carry out when the product no bigger functions or cannot be repaired (Cooper, 1994). Recycling can be defined as the followings; Collection Separation Clean-up Processing To produce the market productivity, Williams (2005) 4. WASTE TREATMENT The waste to reduction is going to landfill. Alternative waste treatment which create a negligible impact on environment as following; Recycling Composting Energy from waste Mechanical Biological Treatment Pyrolysis Gasification Combined pyrolysis-gasification Anaerobic digestion Mechanical Heat Treatment. Williams (2005). 5. KEY CONCERNS ON CONSTRUCTION WASTE The Qatar Construction Industry aims to form a complete waste management plan make honest with the state master plan and with a strong stress on recycling. The aims are to recycle 38 % of solid waste, up from the current 8 %, and cover domestic waste group at 1.6 kg/day, the Qatar National Development Strategy (NDS) 2011-2016 has exposed. Qatar produces more than seven hundred thousand tonnes of solid waste every single day. Much of it is crowded into landfills, with the underdeveloped recycling industry handling only 8 % of the waste. The Domestic waste about 30 % and, with nondomestic waste from construction industrial accounting for the rest. At this time 91 % of nondomestic waste is taken in a straight line to landfills, and the bulk of what is eventually recycled is picked through by companies that sift through the waste at the landfills. Qatar will take on an involved strategy to cover the levels of waste produced by industry and to recycle much more of what waste is produced. Ministry of Department of Environment MoE (2022) classify that the construction and demolition waste into five groups which are following; Construction and renovation- wood, roofing, fixtures, wall board, ductwork and piping, insulation materials and carpet. Roadwork- asphalt, concrete and earth filling. Excavated- earth, sand and stone. Building demolition- mixed rubble, concrete, steel beams and pipes, bricks, timber, fixture and fitting wastes. Site clearance- trees, brush, earth and the potential for mixed concrete rubble and sand. Most of the issues contribute to the construction waste generation on site. Most usually documented sources of construction waste are design, operational, material handling and procurement. Designated that the considerable amount of construction waste on site is directly associated to design mistakes. The construction industry is nature; it is essential that relies on good communication and close intersection for positive project delivery. It is mean the practical waste reduction strategies can only be expressed and implemented when interested party understand the original and reasons of the construction waste. 5. DIRECT AND INDIRECT WASTES Indirect wastes are always producing from the design stages of the construction project. These wastes are able to be preventing by having a good waste management, planning and foresight and as for direct wastes are produce form the construction project progress stages (Chris, 2009). 5.1 DIRECT WASTES Substitution of other material Impropriate scale of drawing have been produce Builder error such as over-digging in dimension and incorrect setting out Return of work to complete unfinished work. 5.2 INDIRECT WASTES Transport waste Site storage Conversation and cutting waste Material handling Lack of management in construction project Streaming from material that are wrongly specified 5. THE WASTE HIERARCHY The Gulf Cooperation Council GCC states accepted a continuous waste management scheme and a specialist upkeep trick for waste making, collection, sorting, treatment and disposal. Most of the waste management creeds and plans applied are based on universally recognized scientific method counted in Waste Management Hierarchy as shown on figure 00. Description: C:UsersirfanDesktop186567195.gif Figure 00: Waste hierarchy Source: http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag?docid=186566927 Description: C:UsersirfanDesktop186567198.gif Figure 00: Waste hierarchy Source: http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag?docid=186566927 The waste is escaping in the best perfect choice in the hierarchy. The theory dishonesties within the basis of not making the waste during the construction doing. 6. LANDFILLS IN DOHA QATAR The waste management located in Mesaieed in Doha Qatar is expected to decrease the waste disposed of in landfill to 3 % to 5 %, in this manner reducing the share of total waste sent to landfill from 92 % to 64 % (http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com). The proficiency also will alter waste to energy and rise the level of waste recycling form 8 % to between 20 % and 25 %. It will be the five transfer positions as South Doha, West Doha, Industrial area, Dukhan and Al khor. Prepared with collection bunkers for splitting reusable such materials as concrete (aggregate), concrete (Block) metal (steel), timber and, glass are be % case in points of how companies can create practice or use of such materials. This will be helped to minimise the waste generation in the Qatar Construction Industry. The Qatar Construction Industry aims to form a complete waste management plan make honest with the state master plan and with a strong stress on recycling. The targets are to recycle 38 % of solid waste, up from the current 8 %, and cover domestic waste group at 1.6 kg/day, the Qatar National Development Strategy (NDS) 2011-2016 has exposed. At % 91 % of nondomestic waste is taken directly to landfills, and the bulk of what is eventually recycled is picked through by companies that sift through the waste at the landfills. Qatar will take on a involved strategy to cover the levels of waste produced by industry and to recycle much more of what waste is produced. 7. TREND OF WASTE GENERATION IN DOHA QATAR In December 1997, the Gulf Cooperation Council GCC countries adopted a uniform waste management system and an detecting instrument for waste production, collection, sorting, treatment and disposal. Most of the waste management regulations and strategies adopted are based on universally accepted scientific approach enumerated in Integrated Waste Management Hierarchy. 186567197 Figure 00: Waste Trend Source: http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag?docid=186566927 8. WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DOHA QATAR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY The Qatar Ministry of Environment MoE has arranged the fresh standards for the construction and demolition of waste material, defining what are the materials are satisfactory for recycling and re-usable in the construction industry in Doha Qatar. The new standard have been arranged with a view to establishing a fresh waste management talent, in positive techniques like to the Ministry of Environments Domestic solid waste management centre already in process near to Mesaieed Industrial City. The MoE said that a new facility to form neat the existing landfills to process Twenty Thousand tonnes of construction waste produced in Doha Qatar Industry. Around 40-50 % of construction and demolition waste is re-useable, but at the moment most of it is deposited in landfills. The following Table 00, 00 are display the arrangement of waste produced during the construction activities in Doha Qatar. NO DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS WASTE 1 Timber 38 % 2 Soil 18 % 3 Plastic 11 % 4 Cardboards 8 % 5 Metals 8 % 6 Hard Materials 8 % 7 Bio Organic 5 % 8 Cast formless 2 % 9 Gypsum 1 % 10 Chemicals or Paint 1 % Table 00- Doha Qatar Construction Waste Arrangement Source: Qatar Construction Site (http://www.qc-sites.com/) No Description of Materials Waste Type Waste 1 Timber 46 % 38 % 2 Soil 38 % 18 % 3 Plastic 46 % 11 % 4 Cardboards 46 % 8 % 5 Metals Recyclable 8 % 6 Hard Materials 38 % 8 % 7 Bio Organic 46 % 5 % 8 Cast formless 38 % 2 % 9 Gypsum 46 % 1 % 10 Chemicals or Paint Hazardous 1 % Table 00- Doha Qatar Construction Waste Arrangement Source: Qatar Construction Site (http://www.qc-sites.com/) 9. RECOVERY OPTIONS The Qatar aims to establish a wide ranging solid waste management plan aligned with the master plan and with the strong on recycling. Recovery is defined by the QDS in its document, assistance on MWMS as the worth to gain value form waste through recycling, other form of material, or recovery of energy and compositing. The Doha Qatar target to recycle 38 percentage of solid waste, up from the percentage 8 %, and contain domestic waste group 1.6kg/ day, the Qatar National Development Strategy QDS 2001 to 2006 has revealed (QDS 2009). Therefor gives value to waste, and attempts to create a situation where the landfill of waste, becomes an economically un-viable disposal route (Waite 1995). 10. RECOVERIES AND ENERGY FROM WASTE The recovery from waste as well-defined within the Waste Strategy is to achieve done of the followings. The statutory recovery targets as set by the Doha Qatar Ministry of Environment (MoE) are; Composting Recycling Energy Recovery Other forms of Materials Recovery Source: QSAS 11. WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Sustainable construction is meeting environmental and social duties, and same while successful effectiveness. The important features of sustainable construction are similar to those set for sustainable development. The end result is to decrease a firms detrimental things on the environment. Sustainable construction is usually used to describe the application of sustainable development to the construction industry, and balances 4 elements are following; Effective protection deed of the environment Prudent use of natural resources Social growth which recognizes the wants of everyone Maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment (CIRIA1, 2001). The industry is distinct by a number of subdivisions, all who plan, design, build, alter or maintain the built environment. Also its subsidiaries, those who making materials, suppliers, and end of life occupiers or owners. The entire life cycle of any structure, from initial concept to demolition must be encompassed in the meaning of sustainable construction. Buildings and structures alteration the face of towns and countryside, and their construction, use, repair, maintenance, and demolition consume vast amounts of energy and resources compared to many other industrial sectors, (DETR, 2000). 13. WHAT THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY CAN PREPARE There is the first step in moving to sustainable development; it is recognizing the strategic benefits of business environmental management can carry and to ensure that commitment to the environmental development exists in company (Welford1, 1998). In business, the concept of sustainability also embraces the three themes of the environment, economy and society. Bring changeover to sustainable construction, individual firms must comprehend and receive the devastating things their activities are having upon the environment, and the status of operating in an environmentally friendly manner. They will then have to commit to not only approving to modification how they function, but really set up a pro-active outline for all employees, suppliers, and sub-contractors to adhere to. Sustainable businesses that show social corporate responsibility profit financially through more efficient actions and use of resources expand their corporate image; and maintain a modest advantage, (MaSC, BRE, 2005). There are a number of steps firms can take towards sustainable construction, as identified by CIRIA, (2000). Create a commitment to address their influences Aim to be the finest and standard their performance Life cycle costs of products and their impacts Communicate with stakeholders with environmental and social reports Work with others in the supply chain to increase the act Develop staff awareness through training 14. PROFITS OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION The ten themes for action discussed above simply make good industry intelligence, e.g. designing a project for minimal waste (DTI1, 2003). 14.1 ENVIRONMENTAL Sustainable act can deliver significant business efficiency success. Thin construction and pollution deterrence can create the calculable cost savings. Recycling further waste material will minimize landfill tax and material purchasing costs. Improve competence through regulatory obedience Improve public and enhanced particular standing. Evasion of pollution events, averting penalties, law court overheads and bad public relations. 14.2 SOCIAL Improving proof of output improvements for staff complicate in environmental and social presentation improvement provisions. Commencing a social viewpoint, financial aids rise from better affairs with the clients, local groups and other sponsors. Well health and safety performs to develop competence and minimize accidents, saving both managerial time and legal costs and fines. 14.3 ECONOMICAL There are significant chances available to improve or stand marketplace Point. Making and business Doings will not be forced by local opposition, regulatory bodies or client necessities. Improving project supply is essential to construct trust with the clients, improve success and advantage. Inspire mutual, favorable long term relations with the clients. Source: CIRIA1, 2001 15 THE TEN THEMES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION The essential to develop performance in the construction industry is necessary for it to become more sustainable. Managing and decreasing the environmental influences of buildings and structures, and the methods of construction, is a common starting for many organisations wishing to address sustainability (DETR1, 2000). Re- use existing built assets, and renovate which develops their sustainability, where likely. Design for minimum waste. Design out waste at all stages of product, building or structure, think about using recycled materials. Aim for lean construction, working on continuous improvement and high quality work. Decrease energy in construction; be aware of energy consumption during construction. Decrease energy in use, consider more energy efficient solutions in the design stage. Do not pollute, understand environmental impacts and adopt an EMS or ISO to manage. Preserve and enhance biodiversity throughout the construction process, from extraction of materials to landscaping buildings. Conserve water resources, design for water efficiency in buildings. Respect people and their local environment, be responsive to community and consider your workforce. Set Targets to measure and compare your performance against others, set targets for Continuous improvement. (DETR1,2000 DTI1, 2003) 16. CONCLUSIONS The Chapter is generally defining to establish recommendation for Sustainable Waste Management in Doha Qatar Construction industry. The chapter will review the research objective of the dissertation; the chapter will then come to an end with an investigation of suitable recommendation of regarding Sustainable waste management system in Doha Qatar construction industry. CHAPTER three Alternative materials for construction CHAPTER THREE ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS USR FOR CONSTRUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION Maximum of the waste will be produced from the construction industry and the source of the waste is produced must be known at the early stage as it will expansion good effect in waste management development. The materials identical like concrete (aggregate), concrete (Block) metal (steel), timber and glass. 2. CONCRETE (AGGREGATE) Each quantity of concrete waste that is recycled for aggregate in fresh concrete would protect almost a quantity of key aggregate that comes from the countryside or dredged from the seas. Recycling concrete keeps money, and has further environmental aids. 2.1 THE KEY REASONS OF THE WASTE OF CONCRETE ON THIS SITE COMPRISE Unexpected modifications on design Improper proportions of aggregate, water and cement Purchasing too much Over pouring Pumping waste Incorrect use of material 2.2 METHODS IN WHICH TO RECYCLE CONCRETE Recycle the concrete and use it as aggregate for other local site as new concrete; it will protects/save the aggregate and waste disposal charges. The Recycle concrete waste as sub base in roads or fill-in works. The leftover aggregate can be transported off the site, by the loading vehicles as soon as the endorsed sum has been used on site. concrete-disposal Figure 0: Concrete Waste (Aggregate) Source: http://civilpents.blogspot.com/2012/02/recycled-concrete-aggregate.html 3. CONCRETE (BLOCK) Approximately 6 % to 28 % of concrete blocks results in waste in construction (QCS. 2007). 3.1 THE CHIEF BASES OF THE WASTE OF CONCRETE BLOCKS COMPRISE Unexpected changes on design Over purchasing the quantity Incorrect conduct of the blocks and stacking The arrangement of the concrete walls and the columns 3.2 METHODS IN WHICH TO RECYCLE CONCRETE BLOCKS COMPRISE Practice greater pieces for erosion control Castoff as a substitute for landscaping stone Castoff as new aggregate for other sites Castoff as sub base on new roads 3.3 RECYCLING CONCRETE WASTE Initially, when the concrete waste has been elated from the baskets on site to the loading trucks to be additional elated off-site, we need to discover, waste of concrete can be used for it, Then eliminate whatever within the concrete that could contaminate the concrete, (CIRIA, 1995) and then crush the concrete with a mobile crusher to the size of aggregate, if need be. Then store the crushed concrete in a separate area, so no other materials are dumped there. Then use it for other requirements. Construction Waste Recycling Figure 00: Concrete Waste (Block) Source: http://www.ds-crusher.org/sloution/Construction_Waste_Recycling.html 4. REUSE OF METAL (STEEL) RECOVERED FORM WASTE Steel is an ideal material to recycle. In fact 30% of all steel products in construction are now made from recycled steel (Guthrie, P M, 1997) and the steel waste in construction it is able to recycle up to an approximately 90% of the total (Karim. K, 2000). 4.1 CAUSES FOR METAL WASTE Over-ordering Faulty workmanship Incorrect handling Improper type of metal Scope of cut-offs on site Approach of workers 4.2 REDUCE METALS The greatest method to decrease any metal waste is to order a made to measure bar from the manufacturer, it would be set for use and will not essential any decoration or bending. 4.3 RE-USE OF METALS Principal is to check the prospects on site, and if it is not, you might stock the materials somewhere else, for it to be used another time. When storing the metal, it is necessary to separate it from other metals. Loading trucks are wanted to carrying the metal waste off-site. 4.4 RECYCLING METALS The greatest method to recycle metal is to shift scrap metal by the quantity to local salvage operators, the price of metal differs according to the variety. Materials identical like aluminum will be more valued than say ferrous metals. The metal waste that is made on site, will then be disposed of in the according basket, and additional later dumped into the loading trucks for it to be used somewhere else. 1641988-91588-james-hardy-altopress-maxppp-construction-waste-rebar-from-reinforced-concrete Figure 00: Metal Waste (Steel) Source: http://www.ds-crusher.org/sloution/Construction_Waste_Recycling.html 5. TIMBER The timber creation waste can come in various methods, from pallets which other goods were shipped with, engineered timber and treated timber. Wood wastage typically happens in residential construction industry and renovation works doings as the main produce. This is faced to concrete waste, which is more often produced in commercial sites involving demolition. Other factors such as the geographical location of the site and the framing methods used effect the amount of timber waste made. 5.1 REDUCE TIMBER The method to decrease the timber waste is best that those who are comprise to timber work are proper train with carpentering skill to handle for minimal the off cut or incorrect cut of the measurement. All timber are wanted to store in dry area due to water moisture will damage the timber. 5.2 RE-USE OF TIMBER Most of the timber that are not completely loss are to cut and store for advance use in storage or un-nailing all other timber after use and move them for more use if are refillable. 5.3 RECYCLING TIMBER Chipped timber, off cut and damage timber are

Herbal Phen-fen :: Pills Phen-fen Health Weight Loss Essays

Herbal Phen-fen "Lose All the Weight You Want", "Look Sexy and Feel Great", "Use the Safer Alternative", claim advertisements promoting the use of a recently-created dietary supplement known as herbal phen fen (CompuGraph International ) Created after the original phen fen (phentermine fenfluramine) drug was recalled from the market as a result of serious side effects, including severe heart problems which proved fatal for some consumers, the new herbal phen fen was praised by creators for being "all natural" and lacking any harmful side effects. One who relies strictly on internet advertisements for information concerning herbal phen fen, however, may be seriously misinformed and misled about the true nature of this herbal "cure-all" for weight problems. Articles from various journals and periodicals reveal a darker side of herbal phen fen, illustrating the possible harmful side effects of the pill and explaining the dangers of individual ingredients composing herbal phen fen. Claims of many advert isements for herbal phen fen drectly contradict medical research and scientific studies, raising questions about the effectiveness and safety of the new pill. Popular culture teaches people to search for immediate gratification and quick fix-all methods for every problem, thus fast-working pills appeal to those who don't want to spend months trying to lose weight by exercising and eating healthfully. Advertisers capitalize on this quality of public consumers by appealing to public demands for fast results. "Phen-'Nominal' Results Fast" states one ad on the internet, appropriately titled "Herbal Phen Fast", which boasts the pill's ability to "suppress the formation of fats". The ad, which was produced by the company HealthMatrix, Inc., portrays herbal phen fen as a quick, safe, easy and effective way to control hunger, reduce cravings and ultimately lose weight, yet avoids explaining the side effects of the pill by dismissing symptoms as "few and well-tolerated". The ad names and defines the two primary ingredients of herbal phen fen, St. John's Wort and Mahuang, explaining that the combination of these ingredients leads to weight loss. The ad is designed to appear scientific with the claim that the main ingredient of herbal phen fen, St. John's Wort, "prolongs the reuptake of serotonin in the brain", leading to feelings of personal satisfaction (HealthMatrix, Inc.) The ad provides no evidence, research or case studies for this claim or any other claims. Three quotations by consumers of the pill are included in the ad, but interestingly enough, though the consumers claim feeling "more energetic" and satisfied by smaller portions, none of the quotations actually mention weight loss.

Romanticism and Shelleys Ode to the West Wind Essay -- Ode West Wind

Romanticism and Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" Â   Â   M.H. Abrams wrote, "The Romantic period was eminently an age obsessed with fact of violent change" ("Revolution" 659). And Percy Shelley is often thought of as the quintessential Romantic poet (Appelbaum x). The "Ode to the West Wind" expresses perfectly the aims and views of the Romantic period. Shelley's poem expresses the yearning for Genius. In the Romantic era, it was common to associate genius with an attendant spirit or force of nature from which the genius came; the Romantics perceived the artist as a vessel through which the genius flows. For instance, in "A Defence of Poetry," Shelley says that poets are the hierophants of an unapprehended inspiration, the mirrors of the gigantic shadows which futurity casts upon the present . . . (Defence 817) In "Ode to the West Wind," Shelley implores the West Wind, a powerful force of nature that Shelley identifies with his rapidly-changing reality, to "lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!" He also expresses his almost-melancholy wish that he could be as I were in my boyhood, and could be The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven (Ode 815) "Ode to the West Wind" invokes the attendant spirit from which Genius comes to grant Creativity also. "If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear," he pleads, "If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee" (Ode 815). In the fifth section, he begs the West Wind (which he identifies with himself early in the section) to Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth, Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! (Ode 815) Again, Shelley is asking the force that provides inspiration to act through him. "Ode to the West Wind" also expresses the hungering f... ...sires for the world, and believes could be possible. Shelley's poem is his attempt to let the West Wind work through him. Works Cited and Consulted: Appelbaum, Stanley. Introduction to English Romantic Poetry: An Anthology. Mineola, New York: Dover, 1996. iii-xii "Percy Bysshe Shelley." Norton Anthology: World Masterpieces, Volume Two. Ed. Maynard Mack. New York: Norton, 1995. p. 811-812. "Revolution and Romanticism in Europe and America." Norton Anthology: World Masterpieces, Volume Two. Ed. Maynard Mack. New York: Norton, 1995. p. 657-664. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. "A Defence of Poetry." Norton Anthology: World Masterpieces, Volume Two. Ed. Maynard Mack. New York: Norton, 1995. p. 816-817 Shelley, Percy Bysshe. "Ode to the West Wind." Norton Anthology: World Masterpieces, Volume Two. Ed. Maynard Mack. New York: Norton, 1995. p. 814-815.

Yakult

Yakult was established in Japan in 1930. Their core product is YakultProbiotics fermented milk which was proved to help people’s health and wellness, as well asnice complexion and a slim form. Yakult entered Vietnam in 2006 (Yakult Vietnam) and theyhave just made their sales since June 2008. Up to now, the business operations do not live up to expectation due to their incompetentmarketing and promotional activities. As a consequence, this report was composed to analyzeYakult Vietnam’s current situation, and recommend feasible marketing strategies to help themincrease their sales in Ho Chi Minh City market in particular. Continue Depressive Nowadays, almost everyone had heard Yakult. In our view, Yakult is an extremely famous beverages company. However, how can we imagine this small beverage can be an international product at the start? We believed that one of the successful reasons is their marketing strategies, say, Yakult place various advertisements, regularly and develop different flavor in different countries. Therefore, we are trying to find out what marketing strategies they are using in Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore, also what are the advantages and disadvantages of these marketing strategies. What is Yakult? Yakult is a fermented milk drink made by fermenting skim milk powder and sugar with the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain. This bacterium helps to replenish the good bacteria in the small intestine, ensuring that our digestive system works efficiently and effectively. Is Yakult artificially coloured? No. The colour of Yakult is naturally acquired when the skim milk powder and sugar are heated together at high temperatures, prior to fermentation. Are there any preservatives in Yakult? No. The product is preserved naturally by the lactic acid produced by the bacteria Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain during fermentation. What is the shelf life of Yakult? The shelf life of Yakult is 45 days from the day of manufacture. The use-by-date can be found in two places: †¢On the back of our product packaging. †¢On the top of the foil cap on each individual bottle. 1. What is Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain? Lactobacillus casei are beneficial bacteria, which reach the intestines alive to favourably alter the balance of bacteria in the digestive system. Our unique, patented â€Å"Shirota Strain† is exceptionally acid resistant. It easily survives the journey through the gastric juices and bile acids produced during digestion to arrive alive in our intestine, helping to keep our digestive system working efficiently What is the role of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain? †¢To help normalise the balance of intestinal flora. †¢To assist in regulating the peristaltic movement (natural rhythm) of the bowel. †¢To help reduce detrimental substances produced by harmful bacteria. 3. How many bacteria are in a bottle of Yakult? There are 6. 5 billion Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain in every 65ml bottle of Yakult If drinking Yakult for a long time, can the Yakult strain of bacteria become a permanent resident of the small intestine? No. Ingested bacteria cannot become a permanent resident of the human intestine. Ingested bacteria stays in the intestine for a short period of time before being excreted. To maintain a balance of intestinal flora, the bacteria need to be replenished on a regular basis. Is there anyone who should not drink Yakult? Any individuals that experience allergies to cow's milk protein or those with sensitivity to citrus should not drink Yakult. 2. Is Yakult suitable for people with diabetes? Yes. People with diabetes can enjoy Yakult and Yakult LIGHT as part of a healthy diet. Despite the amount of sugar in Yakult and Yakult LIGHT (refer Nutrition section), the type of sugar used enters the blood gradually and does not significantly increase blood glucose levels. This means that both products have a low Glycaemic Index (GI). †¢Yakult GI = 46 (Low) †¢Yakult LIGHT GI = 36 (Low) How much sugar is in Yakult? There are 11. 4 grams of sugar per 65mL bottle of Yakult, which is equivalent to two heaped teaspoons. Yakult LIGHT contains 7. 1 grams of sugar per 65mL bottle. There are a number of reasons why sugar is in Yakult: †¢Some sugar is added prior to fermentation for the bacteria to use as fuel. This enables them to grow and multiply. †¢After fermentation, some sugar is added to provide an energy source for the duration of the 45-day shelf life of the product. †¢A small quantity of sugar is also added for taste. This is because the bacteria produce lactic acid resulting in a slightly sour taste. Sweetener (955), known as sucralose, is added to Yakult LIGHT for taste. 1. How many calories/kilojoules per bottle? There are 51 calories or 213 kilojoules per bottle of Yakult. This is about the same energy content as a medium apple. Yakult LIGHT contains 35 calories or 149 kilojoules per bottle. 2. Is there any fat or cholesterol in Yakult? No. Yakult is fat free and cholesterol free because it is made from skim milk powder. Yakult is worth 0. 5 points on the Weight Watchers 1,2,3 point system. 3. Can Yakult replace milk for calcium intake? No. Yakult contains only a small amount of calcium because there is only a small amount of skim milk powder in Yakult. Such a small volume (65mL) means that it cannot be substituted for milk as a source of calcium. Who discovered Yakult? Dr Shirota discovered the Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain more than 70 years ago. He then incorporated this unique bacteria into a fruity tasty drink which he called Yakult. Named in honour of Dr Shirota’s discovery, this unique beneficial bacteria is known to contribute to digestive balance and is enjoyed daily by more than 25 million eople worldwide. Yakult’s Shirota strain: †¢ Is resistant to stomach acids and reaches the intestines alive †¢ Controls levels of harmful bacteria †¢ Helps maintain digestive balance †¢ Replenishes the number of good bacteria that may have been depleted by antibiotics, stress, natural ageing, or poor food and drink choices. †¢ Helps regulate bowel movements †¢ Helps boost natu ral immunity; particularly when you’re run down. Yakult is: †¢ Gluten free †¢ Fat free †¢ Cholesterol free †¢ Low Lactose (1g/bottle) †¢ Low GI – Yakult GI = 46, Yakult LIGHT GI = 36 Yakult contains: †¢ NO artificial colours †¢ NO artificial flavours †¢ NO preservatives Plus, only Yakult contains the live, beneficial Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain. There are two types of Yakult cultured milk drink. One is with the red cap while the other is with the blue cap (as shown above in the photo). The blue cap is the less sugar drink while the red cap is the original flavor and the blue cap is a little bit more expensive compare to the red cap bottle. The sugar level in the original flavor Yakult drink is similar to the sugar level in an apple. Probiotics is a dietary supplement of live bacteria or yeast that is considered to be healthy for the host organism. They are inteded to assist the body’s gut flora, a naturally occurring ecology of microbes, to re-establish themselves. There are claims that probiotics strengthen the immune system against allergies, excess alcohol intake, stress, exposure to toxic substances and some diseases. Depending on the strain, there are benefits such as prevention of colon cancer, lowering cholesterol, blood pressure and many others. Yakult Honsha Co. , Ltd was established in Japan in 1930. Their core product is YakultProbiotics fermented milk which was proved to help people’s health and wellness, as well asnice complexion and a slim form. Yakult entered Vietnam in 2006 (Yakult Vietnam) and theyhave just made their sales since June 2008. Up to now, the business operations do not live up to expectation due to their incompetentmarketing and promotional activities. As a consequence, this report was composed to analyzeYakult Vietnam’s current situation, and recommend feasible marketing strategies to help themincrease their sales in Ho Chi Minh City market in particular.

An Argument of Existentialism in ‘The Metamorphosis’ by Franz Kafka Essay

Argument: A person’s will to live is strongly linked to the opinions of loved ones have of that person. While some persons allow the will of their lives to become influenced to the opinions of their loved ones, others do not forget to factor the ideals of human existentialism. In order to appropriately approach the point brought across, one must factor in the underlying tone of the existentialist values of ‘The Metamorphosis’ as written by Frank Kafka. Although many existentialist philosophers hold conflicting values across the board, there are many key traits that follow existentialism. Therefore, I am inclined to, due to my level of understanding remain impartial towards both sides of the argued statement. Humans, as sentient beings, have free will and are responsible for the effects of what they decide to do. Existentialism also rejects the concept of ‘human nature’, a generalization that has become popular in attempting to identify objective external truths rather than the subjective for the individual approach. Thirdly, I say this because existentialism shows the indifference of the world towards us. Firstly, we all possess free will as independent entities apart from our society. As Gregor is dehumanized by his transformation, his family quickly deserts and rejects him of his former place in the household. The transformation can be seen as dehumanization as Gregor loses his human aspects to his self-sacrificial working ethic due to his family’s wages. One must make the balance between himself and society. When Gregor chooses work over himself, he quickly loses his humanity, hence, the transformation. Although being alienated from his family through his dehumanization causes him to ultimately lose his will for life, Gregor is yet a prime example of how free will creates a ‘cause and effect’ ripple due to the individual which is not influenced by another’s opinion but one’s subjective tastes. Additionally, a generalization cannot be approached for this situation. Existentialism as whole, strives to reject the idea of a human nature obtained by the external objective truths that cannot be applied to the subjunctive self. Instead, humans are radically liberated by their free will in order to shape their own life and defy any generalized ‘nature’. This is not seen in Gregor’s life or in Kafka’s novel. Irregardless, the existentialist value must be factored in an argued due to the underlying tone of the philosophy throughout the novel. Moreover, this approach dictates the world’s indifferent existence towards human beings. As possibly symbolized by Kafka where the household represents society’s indifference to its people, the Samsa family never cared for Gregor as the universe does to society. The absurdist branch of existentialism is then clearly revealed throughout the novel. The absurd nature of the novel highlights Gregor’s quest for purpose, for which he has lost due to the world’s indifference. It can only be here that existentialism can justify as an appropriate response. However, for some, this might not be a worthwhile approach due to the subjective nature of the mind. In conclusion, I remain indifferent to both sides due to the inability of existentialism to pinpoint whether or not this is appropriate. Human beings have free will, and this philosophy rejects the ideal of the objective truths of ‘human nature’. The will may be affected by absurdist, but infinitely varying across the board.

“Hurricane Hits England” and “Search For My Tongue” Essay

Compare how a person’s culture is shown to be important in â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† and in one other poem. In both â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† and â€Å"Search For My Tongue†, the poems explore the theme of culture being important to person, both poems approach this theme in different ways. In â€Å"Hurricane Hits England†, the poet uses the method of flashbacks to explore the theme, whereas â€Å"Search For My Tongue† approaches this theme by putting us in the author’s shoes. In â€Å"Hurricane Hits England†, the subject matter is based around the serious hurricane that hit Southern England 1987. This is a very rare life force that is unusual in this country, more frequently occurring in the Caribbean. This storm in England reminds Nichols about her culture and this life force has been able to â€Å"break the frozen lake† within her. This shows us, the reader her culture is important to her, by creating a fusion of human life and natural life forces; â€Å"Talk to me Huracan†¦Talk to me Shango†. These â€Å"gods† that she is calling out to us the reader, makes us also think that she is trying to create a chant as if she sees the hurricane as both â€Å"Fearful and reassuring†. Although she is happy that the hurricane has come for it has been able to help her discover her culture again, she is also reminded about what damage this ‘life force’ can do to a country, physically and emotionally. The poet is using this event in England to help call her â€Å"back-home cousin†. This is another reminder to us the reader that she wants this occasion to be a flashback of what would have happened if she was in the Caribbean. However, she knows that this is not the same as the storms in the Caribbean, as the trees are â€Å"falling heavy as whales†. This simile is used to represent the different types of ecosystems around the world, how different trees have different properties. If you go to the Caribbean, the types of trees are mainly palm trees, with the properties of having flexible bark. However, in England the types of trees are Oak and Pine which are quite heavy and inflexible. This makes the trees unsuitable for this type of weather, making this experience still remind the poet about her culture, but seeing this weather as a new experience. In â€Å"Search For My Tongue†, the way the poets shows us how culture is important to her is done in different ways, by showing us how it is to be in another country and not be able to express your â€Å"mother tongue†. In this poem, she describes how she is scared of loosing her â€Å"mother tongue†, how it would â€Å"rot† and she will have to â€Å"spit it out†. This demonstrates how her language is a very important part of her culture and heritage and during the first stanza in the poem; the use of botanical imagery shows a mood of death and decay. She explains how she could not create a hybrid tongue, the use of both languages; â€Å"You could not use them both together†. This botanical imagery is then used to help the re-growth of her mother tongue while she is having a dream; â€Å"munay hutoo kay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The way how she portrays this stanza of the poem, not only gives the impression of her doing a chant but also had a lyrical feeling towards it. This is then an awakening for her mother tongue to â€Å"grow†, thus rediscovering language and culture is obviously important to the poet. The final stanza is probably the most enlightening and meaningful stanza in the entire poem, for it finally concludes how culture can be extremely important to people and make them the way they are; â€Å"the bud opens in my mouth†. The use of botanical imagery has now been used to firstly represent death and decay, to now being represent growth and re-birth. This use of assonance in the last stanza also helps to change the mood of the entire poem, giving it a more positive feel to the poem; â€Å"blossoms out of my mouth†. This line not only tells us that she is happy with the culture that she has re-discovered, but it also means that she has found the item that she had lost; her tongue. We know this from the title of the poem â€Å"Search For My Tongue†. In conclusion, both of these poems have been able to show how a past culture can be important to a person’s character and future growth. This could teach all of us a moral lesson, by telling us that culture is important to everybody’s feeling of self by making it mould our characters to what we are today. In both these poems, they might have used different methods to portray these themes, with the outcome giving off the same message.

Why Was The Constitution A Controversial Document Even As It Was Being Written?

The United States Constitution was written more than 200 years ago and it has been used as the foundation for the government. The constitution has been and still remains the most durable political agreement in the history of the world. Even though an inspiring document, its creation was not that easy but controversial. Its framers were divided over a number of major issues which led to lengthy arguments when it was being written.After its creation the Constitution still remains controversial. It has turned out to be the epicenter of Civil Rights activism, conflict between state sovereignty and national supremacy, questionable over universal healthcare as well as marriage controversy1. The compromises on the key issues that characterized its genesis are responsible for the controversy of the imperative document. From the beginning of its creation the constitution ideas were divided between the advocates.The advocates understood that that the constitution was an idea of the republican thinking, providing for a new level to the people’s elected government. On the other hand, the critics were convinced that the republicans aligned themselves in small political units, the states. The separation of powers between the central government and the state governments was thus a major controversy as the constitution document was being written and stands out as a crucial issue up to date. The delegates drafting the constitution encountered issues over the state representation.The delegates that were representing bigger states advocated for a population based representation while the delegates from smaller states thought an equal number of representatives for every state was fair leading to the Electoral College2. Despite the agreement, the not all parties were satisfied making it a controversy. The creation of the constitution was strongly debated as some prolific and influential leaders were opposed it. The issue of a two party system was another issue that sparked c ontroversy as the American constitution was being drafted. The delegates failed to accept that it was a two party system.This continued to create a growing rift among the advocates. It led to the separation between advocates for a large and stronger versus those for a small and a weak federal government. Slavery was another controversial issue in the drafting of the constitution. It was not about its abolition, but rather division on to which state the slaves would be counted to in working out a state’s population as well as the amount of property tax to be implemented over the owners3. The government decided to it would not interfere with the slave trade for no less than 20 years, but this move received opposition from the southern.Eventually, another controversy of the constitution was the issue of the citizenship. The written constitution did not clarify what composed citizenship. It did not also deliver the particular rights for a United States citizen4. These issues led to the controversy in the Bill of Rights. The Bill of rights still remains controversial due to the changing times. Conclusion As the constitution was being written ideas were divided between the advocates. The advocates understood that that the constitution was an idea of the republican thinking, providing for a new level to the people’s elected government.The delegates drafting the constitution encountered issues over the state representation. A two party system was another issue that sparked controversy, Slavery as well as issues concerning citizenship formed the controversy of the constitution was being drafted. The U. S. was controversial even as it was being written and will always remain controversial since compromises rise up with time. There are also several interests of various people that cannot be reconciled all of them without compromise.

Animal Cruelty effects and relating laws

Animal Cruelty effects and relating laws Different types of animal cruelty have ee around for many years. Laws relating to animal cruelty vary from state to state. As of 2009, about forty-six states  have some felony provisions in their anti-cruelty and/or animal fighting laws (Wisch, 2005). As time passes and new things are being invented, people seem to loose interest in their pets. Even though people use animals for their testing/experiments, there are other ways to get a solution to something. Scientist and many others, find it easier and safer to test on animals than to test on other possible sources. They test products such as makeup, and cologne. They also use animal fur for designer clothing & other types of fashion. Innocent animals are being used for useless products that we can live without. Many animals die due to different types of crucial testing. They suffer by going through several procedures. The goal is not to patch up ailing people but to use the human tissues in place of mice, dogs or other lab animal s for testing new drugs, cosmetics and other products (New York Times, nd). With the donation of human cells, animal testing will be reduced. This way is safer & can be both suited for animals and humans. â€Å"If the animal- rights movement had a bible, it is Singer’s 1975 book, Animal Liberation†Ã‚  (New York Times, Jan. 15, pg 30).  Singer calls many of the attitudes human beings have toward other animal’s speciesism, a concept which can be found throughout history (Gargaro, 1991). Humans are just like animals as far as feeling pain. Eight billion animals are killed each year in this country for food. More than a thousand animals are killed and shipped to groceries stores to be bought. Slaughtering of cows, pigs, and other animals, happen everyday because consumers keep purchasing meat. Animals on today’s factory farms are kept in crowded, filthy enclosures and denied everything natural and enjoyable to them. Most of them have no legal protection fro m cruelty that would be illegal if it were inflicted on  dogs  or  cats. There are some fruits or vegetables that can give the same protein as meat. The  Humane Slaughter Act  requires that animals be rendered unconscious with one swift application of a stunning device before slaughter.  Animals in slaughterhouses can smell the stench, hear the sounds and often see the slaughter of those before them. As the animals struggle from fright, the human workers who are pressured to keep the lines moving quickly often react with impatience towards the animals.   Numerous cases of deliberate cruelty have been reported including workers who took sadistic pleasure from shooting the eyes out of cattle, striking them in the head, and electrically shocking them in sensitive areas of their bodies. As for the chemistry of the central nervous and endocrine systems, there is no difference between humans and other animals. All free-range, factory-farmed, egg-laying, dairy-producing, or w ool-bearing animals that don’t first die from disease are trucked to the slaughterhouse.   To minimize costs, animals are crowded and must live in each other’s excrement.   They are exposed to extreme weather conditions in the open trucks.   Shipping fever, which can be fatal, is common in cattle transported long distances to the feedlots, the stockyards and then the slaughterhouse (Compassionate Action Institute, nd).